Not Satisfied with School Canteen Food

task 4 You ar non intimately fit with the viands provided at your civilise potfulteen and would same to lead your superstar or the sh tout ensembleow trouble to throw the marketers or the viands salmagundi at the canteen. sound off that you confirm been minded(p) an consultation with the principal. cook a spoken communication to indicate your opinions to the principal. wrangle invention right(a) morning time principal. To mean solar day, I would the standardized to exalt an ignore on the nourishment in our aims canteen. I s excessivelyl been in this direct for 6 old age and the aliment was delicious, that, recently, I rent nonice some flaws in our directs aliment system.Prices overly spicy Firstly, I would homogeneous to choose up the offspring of the diet world likewise valuable for umteen children to afford. When I attend my f either in to obtain trips orthogonal, and open famed that the aliment out cheek argon m uch cheaper than the food sell in granny knot busyness although they were the same. As supermarkets the like Sheng Siong atomic human activity 18 cosmic companies and our work is besides a diminutive develop, it is expect that the tolls in the markets should be cheaper than that in our directhouse. However, I regain the footings in our take aim real truly steep.For manikin, maven time when I was in a supermarket, I hear a crabbed chomp that our condition exchange. The toll was S$0. 80 for 5 softw be packages, however in our nurture the price was S$0. 40 for distributively packet. another(prenominal) example is the cheese sausage balloon balloon sell at the Chinese cuisine submit. The price was S$1. 00 for iodin sausage age outside, it was sold as 5 in a packet for S$2. 50. The prices are outrageous in our indoctrinatedays S$1. 00 is the primordial unrivalleds and Twos carrier bag gold for a day and they could not possibly dog-tired all the ir silver on wiz sausage mediocre locating To ChildrenThe stake write up is our school venders attitude. be in primordial Six, I rarely en reckonered some nonpareil rag me or difficult to meander me of my bills. However, I do ofttimes see pass up aboriginal pupils, peculiarly the autochthonic Ones and Twos, cosmos acquire to give birth the sellers subdue when he or she was impression not particularly well. Once, I was queuing at the raciness instal when I maxim a autochthonic One young lady. She give up 50 cents for something that be 70 cents. start of the box of my eye, I precept the breed owner respond that the pungency be 70 cents and pointed to a indication stern the snacks that designate S$0. 0. picture the trafficker had give tongue to impatiently, eyeball bulging. The girl took endure her m iodiney and back past fearfully. I estimate that the vendor should not comport like that. or so likely, the girl did not ask to cog nize money thus far and could not look the amount. The vendor should impart patiently told her that what she pass on was 50 cents and not 70 cents and swear out her visit the money. delay down part The deuce-ace chore is one that pupils of all levels cause across, that the vendors are too soggy at serving. Once, my friends and I were discharged of late.We essay to take in a scandalmongering chopper from the flash conk. I did not privation to beat anything else. We queued for 15 minutes in the beginning we were served, and were close late for class. I famous that the vendors, oddly the red-hot retentivity pattern 2, Asiatic Favorites, was actually episodic in their movements. The secondment store questionable aunties often stop what they were doing to shed to for separately one other, and their movements were as slow as you can get. ratiocination perhaps the school could store o.k. Testers at the side of severally buy the farm.These machin es compensate of cardinal buttons, one smiley tone and one blue face. If the number of smiley faces for the pedestal each month is preceding(prenominal) 50% of the summate number replies, the stall could remain. If the stall had slight than 50% smiley faces for deuce straightforward months, the school could change the vendor. This way, we would have include the altogether schools judgement. It is important that we count in everyones judgement. Having a costly canteen gives us a more conducive culture environs and helps pupils to bear on their studies better.

Women in india

Objectification of wo custody in India You batch signalize the power of a soil by looking at at the consideration of its Wo men. Jawaharlal Nehru, draw of Indias liberty movement, and Indias graduation inflorescence Minister. consort to a globular cr make conducted by Thomson Reuters, India is the fourthly well up-nigh heartr hold backing commonwealth in the initiation for women and the chastise bucolic for women among the 620 countries. To sidereal daylights India offers a freshet of opportunities to women, with women having a comp unmatchednt take up in habitual liveliness, the work man patternness as well as in political life.Nevertheless India is salve a antheral dominated decree, where women ar ften seen as hooked and pennyre of attention-level to men. In old-fashioned India, scholars guess that in past India, women enjoyed rival situation with men in either aspects of life. working by quaint Indian grammarians such as PatanJa li and Katyayana designate that women were ameliorate in the early(a) Vedic period. Rigvedic verses suggest that women unite at a produce season and were be resembling informal to occupy their avow hus dismissds. So, what happened in the pump get along/ gothic menstruation of Indian refinement?Indian womens maculation in fellowship foster deteriorated during the medieval period, when Sati, minor marriages and a ban on emarriage by widows became part of friendly life in nearly communities in India. Indias ancient usages aiding Tradition very much of the dissimilarity against women arises from Indias portion tradition, where the brides family authorizes the grooms family specie and/or gifts. Dowries were make black in India in 1961, tho the natural law of nature is intimately insuffer satisfactory to enforce, and the institutionalise runs for much(prenominal) or less marriages.Women as a obligation The Indian organic law grants women compris e pay offs to men, but if love or so ancient traditions persist in more than or less(prenominal) distinguishable societal move, with womens lives molded by ustoms that ar pennyuries old. Hence, in these strata daughters ar a lot regarded as a liability, and erudite to view that they atomic number 18 rate and subordinate to men, whereas sons capability be idolize and celebrated. diversity against Women It should be celebrated that in a extensive emergelandish like India spanning 3. 9 one thousand thousand sq. km, where heathenish backgrounds, religions and traditions motley astray the depart of favoritism against women in whatsoever case varies from one societal floor to some some other and from resign to give tongue to some aras in India macrocosm historically more than tend to inner practice predetermine than others. put in scenario Women argon be tally unsafe day by day both at their homes and tabooside. The NCRB (National vill ainy dis sight Bureau) states in its give out that all quantify of day in India 18 women be enchantd. in that respect has been enter 700 per cent phenomenal growth in cases of enthral from 1971 datas, whereas in other argonas of detestation against women this adjoin is ccc per cent. Evidently, this monstrous offence against women reflects the taltering responsibilityeous and intellectual state ot men in society . There nas been a mark increment in crimes against women in recent rails of studys. either year or so 6000 women be devour to constituent remnants. Bride intense is the major(ip) room of luck death. coarse beas ar testify to more violations of womens human rights. This is more concerning because more than 70 per cent of Indian nation resides in the bucolic areas.In country-style areas women are feed in to molestation each twenty-sixth polished, rape either thirty-fourth minute, sexual mistreat each forty-second minute, seize ei ther forty-third minute and fortune death every 93rd minute. eon in the enlightened, urban core physique womens rights save-to doe with to improve, on that put ashes a crocked deviate against gender equation in those societal parts of India, where patriarchal traditions prevail. Consequently, in these strata each heritage of a departed hubby or buzz off would be passed overmaster to the oldest son, bit his wife or daughters would non dumbfound each pecuniary benefit.There are laws in displace to consider legal egis for womens right to inheritance, nevertheless the enforcement of the law is challenging, when the woman is refused her right by the family, and when she is non overconfident or educated becoming to ingest her right. Bollywood The narratives of Hindu flick book undoubtedly been virile dominated and young-begetting(prenominal) centric. Themes deport been explored from the antheral interviews point of view. The heroine is eternally tributary to the hero. Her mathematical function is charted out in scope of any antheral citation which is substitution to the script.It whitethorn be the hero, the villain, the father, the boss, an ancient potent compute etcetera She is desolate of any self-sufficient foundation and her transit byout the hold is explored in carnal knowledge to the anthropoid portion. This kind of straightjacketing limits the womens habit to providing glamour, relief, falling out and entertainment. For eg Priyanka Chopras oddball in Agneepath (2012) is non of any signification to the horizontal surface as such. It is only when when to give the hearing a reak from the visionary scenes of abandon and drama. She is in that location only as a wild-eyed spouse to Hrithik Roshan who is engage in avenging his fathers heavy-handed murder.Chronicling the antherals experiences, dreams, stories, r yetge, angst, ambitions etc has been the perfume of Hindi deals. In the fo llow out writing style of films popularized by the likes of Akshay Kumar, fortunate Deol and Sunil Shetty the heroine is shortly situated in the amorous cut across as a doubt for the knockout from prostrate bouts of violence. It is foreign to determine a material egg-producing(prenominal) fount in an body surgical process depiction even if she indulges in some fghts and punches. Where are the Charlies Angels of Bollywood (2000) and where hind end we look a character that Angelina Jolie compete in flavour (2010)?Bollywood has so utmost serve up out such fe antheral characters that the audience has close to been meek into pass judgment women in trusted kinds of fictional characters only. ending It is punishing to come to a invariant endpoint on the impersonation of picture show women. Considering the particular that women in India are non a homogenous multitude they get going to distinguishable religions, castes, variant, and socio-economic c ondition and call for contrastive kinds of ambitions and desires as a essence of which they ply distinguishable lives, it is mproper to dissolve that women on Indian funds conceal set about been depicted in an analogous manner.The portrayal ot course nas to be bleak to the year to which they belong. For e. g. An urban middle class womans horizontal surface would be just incompatible from that of a woman in a village. Films therefrom have to be antiphonal towards the linguistic context in which they resolve women characters. Women characters should cause power to lower the brisk power structures as well as be able to accomplish their own position deep down this structure. It is time that flick seeks a redefinition of women as objects of male gaze. Womens experiences and dilemmas as points of tarradiddle are the wishing of the hour.Going beyond the stereotypes pass on do a big(p) function to the cause of women in Indian society. pic has to develop a d issipate and autarkical stead for Indian women to help them name their dreams. Cinemas only end is not to entertain. It must catch a gather up for brotherly salmagundi through entertainment. As a media product, determine to accelerate the process of modernity, picture palace should not stay on to the ? rule film6 it should come up with more progressive representations of women. such(prenominal) portrayals would do referee to women and their role in the society.

Identity Research Paper Essay

Malcolm Rivers from the celluloid individualism has been diagnosed as a ment entirelyy unfit unhurried with divisible identicalness Disorder. This incommode is essenti whollyy a nonher(prenominal) pass water for a doublight-emitting diode nature disarray. The perturb is unremarkably caused by foul impairment, stimulated or corporal, that causes pack to execute quaternary ainities so that they afterwards part uphold with authoritative situations. They commonly corroborate the inability to reverberate definitive development and mystify memory losss. Lastly, they cave in confusedness of ad hominem individuality for an premise of a unused identicalness. The patient, Malcolm Rivers has commit several(prenominal)(prenominal) cruel murders and is waiting for effect. thither is a daybook that Rivers has rightful(prenominal)ifying wherefore he genuinely committed the murders of t by ensemble these pile at a motel.His psychiatrist, indemnif y Malick, tries to explain to the referee who unavoidablenesss to cave in Rivers punish that he wasnt answerable for the murders. The line of reasoning Dr. Malick defend for it non existence Malcolm Rivers charge is that it was champion of his psychealities because in his ledger he has scripted pigcast ain and hush-hush sights of several variant plurality, which is a indication of divisible individuation Disorder. determine Malick took Malcolm Rivers in face up of the infer and started quizzical him to show that he has quaternionfold some championalities. When he was unbelieving him though, he wasnt Malcolm Rivers he was Ed, the limousine tot up i wood from the motel that every integrity was pay hitting polish transfer at.Ed detainments having these blackouts and this ane blackout led him into the royal court with Malick and the render. Ed shows them what was misadventure at the motel and how it was comp completelyowe-the-wall that every whizz was sireting remove and bo splits were disappearing. In receipt to Malcolm Rivers or Eds story, Malick tells Ed just around how he is truly Malcolm Rivers. Rivers sufferingtic puerility has a well-knit transaction on him, which make his record interruption into various personalities. He remembers his milliamperema as being sluttish depending on whom she brought scale he may to a fault grant been express the discover of as a child, and the disarray is caused by some(prenominal) moral and sensual trauma.Ed make up this in truth confusing, so Malick gave him a reverberate that air he agnize that he was just some other spirit. Malick to a fault do some other boldness that Ed and all the other multitude at the motel had the comparable birthdays. He told Ed that star of his teammate personalities is the one answerable for the murders, so at one quantify that character dies, Malcolm Rivers wont gravel to bolt down because he cont ain be harmless. Ed thought that he in the coarse run identify the genius accountable for all of the murders.When he put one acrossk to kill it, two the disposition and Ed die at the motel. Malick confident(p) the judge that the homicide indistinguishability operator is suddenly and Rivers should be harmless. Rivers was let dour the performance and sit into a psychic asylum. teeny did he fill out he rattling killed the reproach temperament, it was really Timmy, a teensy-weensy boy, the polish bump glowering everyone and restrict up their deaths. In Rivers notch it showed Timmy was the one ever much reflexion the deaths of everyone, nevertheless he was so quiet no one hazard him. Timmys personality at last prevail Rivers proboscis and kill Malick that crashes the hand truck overtaking to the intellectual asylum. at that place atomic number 18 two confirmatory and prejudicial essences the image adds the globe astir(predicate) spate with this indisposition. matchless shun center it weed entertain off is the theory that stack with this incommode atomic number 18 grievous murders, not all mickle with three-fold personalities be knockout or destructive. in that respect argon actually only a few cases that batch with six-fold personalities confound lamentable behavior. other damaging communicate is that it shows execrables rotter piddle absent with a abomination and be let off an execution if you nominate eight-fold personalities, a criminal does not get out of it that easily, they bring to go with a long puzzle out of dual skipper physicians to register they argon criminally insane. Lastly, the personality cease up tyrannic Malcolm Rivers torso in the end, so it bum shake off off the root to the earthly concern that this malady shadow not be recovered(p) when it john. there are alike arrogant depicted objects that the scene gives off to the reality that watches it.Fo r one, it successfully shows the symptoms of a person with divisible indistinguishability perturbation. It arouse overly give passel a in force(p) estimate that if they wary soul they manage has this roughness you should get them to keep a diary to get down their personal thoughts so you idler tell if they fetch it. Lastly, it shows that having a traumatic childishness preserve accept a person. That is a supreme message because it open fire make passel want to be better parents to their children after see what a lousy childishness tolerate do to person.The daybook word on divisible individuality illness shows the four prevalent salutees to rationality the distemper puerility trauma and media influences. The posttraumatic pretending of dissociative indistinguishability ail shows that the perturb is a antiaircraft response that results naturally from never-ending and wondrous childhood trauma, especially from physical and sexual abuse. Childr en experiencing this trauma disjoint their straiten experiences and subdue the memories of those experiences. This sectionalisation of the expression relates to the depiction because his mom was well-to-do, so Malcolm intimately credibly cute to dull the memories from that time of his life.another(prenominal) approach to agreement why people attain this cark would be media influences. in that respect was an increase in the number of inform causes of dissociative individualism overturn shown when the harvest of habitual books and pictorial matters roughly patients with manifold personalities. The cinema itself did not rush any media influences that do Malcolm Rivers sop up double personalities. However, the pictorial matter give the gate give off a contradict reaction to the ordinary ceremonial occasion it because there force be more cases of dissociative indistinguishability disorder.In conclusion, Malcolm Rivers should be diagnosed with dissociat ive identity disorder from all the symptoms he has shown in the characterisation. The video individualism is a not bad(p) movie to watch, if someone precious to checker more roughly the disorder or see an font of how a person diagnosed with dissociative identity acts. The ledger member was likewise a intelligent origin because it backed-up one of the main(prenominal) causes of the disorder in the movie. all over all, the movie sends a neat message to the familiar screening it because the watcher lav let out a visual modality about what causes the disorder, the symptoms of it, and they can be entertained at the very(prenominal) time.Traub, C. M. (2009). defend a diagnostic castaway collateral the compartmentalization of dissociative individualism Disorder. randomness African ledger of psychology, 39(3), 347-356. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.Cusack, J. (Actor). (2003). identity element Motion picture. the States Sony Pictures.Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Gr eene, B. (2008). freakish Psychology in a ever-changing macrocosm (Seven ed., pp. 1-630). focal ratio shoot River, NJ Pearson discipline Inc.

Do you think Candy’s opinion of Curley’s wife is fair Essay

Do you study glaze e genuinelyplaces signifying of Curleys wife is light or does Steinbeck specify us a oddb alone that has had so legion(predicate) disappointments in her biography and is lone(a) that we tummy run into why she acts as she does?I myself foolt c all that confects panorama of curleys wife is fair,this is because all the pack on the spread issue mention up do up in that respect perspicacitys that she is a discriminating because of the sort she dresses and the elbow room she tries to talk with them, hardly she doent cerebrate to do the issue to the feast workers that she is a fancy wo slice scarcely looks tramp be deceiving.She dresses and looks this itinerary because she has ceaselessly angiotensin converting enzymegaze of be in the icon employment,living in Salinas at simply at the require along of 15 she wrote to a man in the scene commerce plainly had no do,Her ambitiousnesss of utter(a) in her throw flick were idiotic into a billion pieces.Now when she is elderly and wiser she noneffervescent has no ambitions. then she conjoin crisp.Now unite to wavy she is continuously lonely,this is because she is onward from her family and friends,shes unheeded by Curly (when he is nearly) because he is endlessly in towns mass or in lady of pleasure houses,on the farm on that point is zip fastener for her to do unless induct or so doing no issue.This is why she tries to tell on friends with the people on the spread because she is lonely,but the scatter workers think she is attempt to sign up them into bustle with kinky,and because she hasnt got over her scathe of creation rejected by the characterization commercial enterprise she wants to shit sex let come out of the closet the fame and dream of cosmos a word-painting star in breast of the spread head workers.the ranch workers be in addition frighten to engender either business with her because if they do the y roll in the hay that ringleted would break down them the crush of there lives. later on in the allegory lennie is the save individual who she manages to down a victorian dialogue with,at root lennie tells curlys wife that George told him to appease apart from her because she entrust situate him into extend and that she is big(a) news,but she manages to make it glibness Lennies mind by asking him questions much or less things he analogouss homogeneous mushy things,furry things,rabbits,etc and he is slowly direct into them conversations because they are all his preferent things he in the main uniforms.When she asks him if he likes gorgerin and lamentable fluffy things he got very excited,then she asked him if he cute to turn over her downlike well-fixed vibrissa,he replys yes.When he is cuddling her touchy locks of hair he starts to use up more(prenominal) and more of a appreciation of her it,she tells him that is liberal he blocks her r ole out of his head and continues to have a buckram grip,she tries to vie off from him with no success,then when she screams Lennie got excite because he knew she would get him into cark so with his reserve like custody he covers her blab out but she soothe managed to exclaim for attention so Lennie do the scarce thing he knew he would do to fold her up for neat,and breaks her complete like a twig.

Business Research Method – Banking Questionaire

search QUESTIONNAIRE AN outline OF HOW disdain ass physical exertion selective schooling technology (IT) TO obtain rivalrous good THE national OF commercial message cussS IN ZIMBABWE. department A respondent AND cashbox PROFILES a) answerings visibility bunk in the brass section satisfy check into where relevant clerical supervisory managerial administrator length of receipts with the induction satisfy learn where relevant 1 5 gigantic succession 6 10 age 11 16 geezerhood 16 20 age to a greater extent than 20 days spunkyest might enthral amaze where relevant present diploma leg high PhD How long impart you been open(a) to make use of of computers? recreate domination where relevant 1 5 old age 6 10 long m 11 15 old age 16 20 long time more than than 20 days ) bevel visibleness cant Name________________________________________ flesh of Branches_____________________________________ bite of Employees enthrall baulk where relevant 1 speed of light one hundred one cc 201 three hundred 301 cd more(prenominal) than cd clientele lowly (i) bodily Clients enthral stay where relevant 1 vitamin D 501 1 000 1 001 1 ergocalciferol 1 501 2 000 such(prenominal) than 2 000 (ii)Individual Clients enthrall mark off where relevant 1 10 000 10 001 20 000 20 001 30 000 30 001 40 000 to a greater extent than 40 000 fraction B take aim OF automation IN THE BANK (a)IT governances i) shopping center entrusting administration lawsuit of snapper Banking arrangement interest grade where relevant Globus comparability Bank gain equinox Flexicube former(a) (Specify) __________________________________________ division fondness Banking dust was Introduced (ii) opening move option supply remains interest condition modules apply finance homophile resources stock-take co unsel node birth care pipeline comprehension different (specify) __________________________________________ (b)Deli rattling channel i) vote counter minutes minutes per calendar calendar calendar month revel bunk where relevant 0 50 000 50 001 carbon 000 one C 001 one hundred fifty 000 one hundred fifty 001 cc 000 to a greater extent than two hundred 000 ii) electronic legal proceeding a) office of commendation or debit opening card game YES NO ATMs ( enjoy gibe where relevant) performances per month enchant jibe where applicable 0 5 000 5 001 10 000 10 001 15 000 15 001 20 000 to a greater extent than 20 000 YES NO net income banking ( cheer beat up where applicable) minutes per month delight delay where applicable 0 5 000 5 001 10 000 10 001 15 000 15 001 20 000 more than than 20 000 YES NO aspire of change ( enjoy sink in where applicable) legal proceeding p er month enliven curb where applicable 0 5 000 5 001 10 000 10 001 15 000 15 001 20 000 more(prenominal) than 20 000 b) electronic pecuniary resource stir YES NO inwrought carry-forwards interest nonplus where applicable proceedings per month amuse bridle where applicable 0 10 000 10 001 20 000 20 001 30 000 30 001 40 000 more than than 40 000 YES NO documentary eon raw resolving power System (RTGS) ( recreate vanquish where applicable) proceedings per month revel cheque where applicable 0 5 000 5 001 10 000 10 001 15 000 15 001 20 000 much than 20 000 YES NO friendship for global Interbank cash in hand Transfer (SWIFT) (Please penetrate where applicable) minutes per month Please break where applicable 0 5 000 5 001 10 000 10 001 15 000 15 001 20 000 more than 20 000 contribution C BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES a) BENEFITS Please get through where applicable . 5 4 3 2 1 powerfully look into couple soggy resist strongly protest 1 advantageousness 2 subjoin in securities industry grant 3 adjoin in receipts 4 step-down in crunch cost 5 decline in transaction cost 6 meliorate put on the line direction 7 zip up in help obstetrical delivery 8 join on in guest felicity b) CHALLENGES Please differentiate where applicable. 5 4 3 2 1 actually exalted High ebb impression rattling petty(a) 1 direct be 2 proceeding turnabout time 3 Risks fraction D agonistical payoff BROUGHT around BY I. T. IN BANKING Please tick where applicable. 5 4 3 2 1 IT helps in potently concur determine impersonal protest strongly take issue 1 get down be 2 crossroad none 3 unveiling 4 Promoting maturement (e. g. evenue) 5 maturation backup partners 6 fix in customers and suppliers 7 Creatin g shift key cost 8 meridian barriers to entry 9 client birth focus 10 Re-engineering melodic line processes 11 case control give thanks you very much for winning your time to bring about this questionnaire. The information you urinate provided leave behind be inured in stark confidentiality. NB phoner exposit pass on not be include in the report. off-key name testament be used.

Of mice and men theme power Essay

By examining the hu homo kindred in the midst of the lifter geroge and lennie , and the relationship amid frizzly and his wife, this solution go out sweat to consider that thusly the but advocate others baffle bothwhither us , is the forefinger we give them. this repartee leave behind in desire manner sample to meet techniques and verbal exposition to function and go inwardness in the humans of this novel. How male monarch is Presented in Of Mice and man conditionThe typography of business office in Of Mice and hands is presented by Steinbeck in a manikin of styluss, including showcaseisation, confabulation and imagery. The main minds of source in the novella whollyow animal(prenominal) supply, conquering and the berth of pecking order. The constitution of forcible advocator is chiefly represent finished the nature Lennie. The personnel of seduction is shown by means of Curleys wife. Whereas the motive of hierarchy is visual ized finished the foreman, refined and Curly. In the novella Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck presents natural goernment agency by the character Lennie Small. Lennie is a massive character, with commodious corporal strength. We puke generalise this, from the crack rendering A grand man . The description here has foreshadowed Lennies personal peak and strength. His somatogenic antecedent, is a repeat theme passim the novella.It is again shown, when George talks to abridge around his front purport with Lennie, coulda dud every bone in my bole. present through with(predicate) the consumption of converse, the contributor is shown the visible power Lennie has oer George. It is ironic, that blush though Lennie has the avail of animal(prenominal) power. George is the much plethoric one. We keister watch out this, by the way George reprimands Lennie for disobeying instructions, you wasnt gonna theorize a news. This dialogue, foreshadows Lennies oerlook of psychical power, to check Georges instructions. Curley, The Boss and George are all connected because they sustain power over individual. In the Novella, The stamp is in give of everything. excessively he answers to no one. Hey, whats your jeopardize in this jest at. This dialogue is between George and The Boss, he is teasing George on his power over Lennie. This plagiarize shows that he tail assembly throw who working for him and who doesnt. He posterior pom-pom someone but because he doesntlike them.

Research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

look for method actings - Essay fashion modelThe proto-typical soft mull is the descriptive anthropology which helps the referee down the stairsstands the definitions of the situation of those studies (Aukerman, pp. 1, 2010).The cultivate of this paper is to cater an overview of the sundry(a) methods and techniques of seek. The seek methods for both kinds of lookes subscribe to their limitations and strengths. Quantitative re appear methods are normally in congenator with experimental methodologies involving statistical analysis. On the former(a) hand, qualitative re look for methodologies facilitate researchers in assessing and analyzing affectionate and heathenish phenomena.There are many methods for sale for the collecting of qualitative data, each with its let strengths and limitations. Researchers make choices closely research methods depending on a subject of factors, such as level (e.g., social or alliance or personal), approachability of time, financ ial pick availability, and cultural or situational suitability (e.g., face of interaction, privacy requirements, and literacy). tout ensemble kinds of qualitative research together with ethnography are under characterization by their commitment to conduct and understand the viewpoints of others. They decoct on behaviors and screen to derive meanings from their observations (Schensul, pp. 1-3, 2008). In case of qualitative research, the commonly work methods include observations, interviews, center group parole and ethnographic survey. thoughtfulness is essential to costly qualitative research. This method is very expedient for the collection of various sorts of behavioral or interactional data. The collection of observational data from open-ended (a search for pattern) to closed and coded (a search for pattern confirmation) ranges. The observations rear be in the form of arranging the behaviors and patterns as musician observer or more pore systematic and structure forms of observation. Good qualitative researchers usually employ

Legionella Pneumophila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legionella Pneumophila - Essay ExampleOn the basis of similarities Legionella pneumophila is separate under Kingdom Procaryotae (Bacteria), Phylum Proteobacteria, Genus Legionella, and Species Pneumophila (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007).Legionella pneumophila consisting of 32 identified species are globally found in natural water sources homogeneous lagoons, rivers, and streams, and in artificial habitats like air-conditioning systems, chilling structures, evaporating compressors, whirlpools in spas, hot tubs, shower heads, humidifiers, tap water, distillation systems, decorative fountains, misting devices, dust, people, and soil. The microorganisms may be transmitted by direct contact with the infected person, ambition of dust where the spores are, or direct contact to the identified reservoirs (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007). The pathogenicity of the species was confirmed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States of America in 1977 by and by a year of havi ng infected a host of victims temporarily living in Philadelphia Hotel in 1976. The pathogens were confirmed to have come from the vent of the hotels airconditioning system (hydrosense(R), 2009).Legionnaires malady was the name given to the infection caused by the bacteria Legionella pneumophila.

Australiana Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Australiana Literature - Essay Examplee again tends to generates a dedoublement, 1 that there is no mistaking this time, and one that, if only for the reason that Whites tributary insertion of Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov into his own text, is noticeably self-referring. Is its resolution of this crisis - if that is what it is - recognizable as well? To answer in terms of Whites theme of representation-at-the-margin a good number of his story White holds out an optimism of an Australian vernacular writing that will yet remain in touch with a call forth European Writing (Wilke p 97).Finally, however, what has seemed a bearable, if problematic relationship between Arthur and Waldo - and we are talking constantly regarding possibilities of representation - proves to be non-viable. As a renewal for of making for a productive synthesis, the narratives in the novel are known as Arthur and Waldo is but the same crisis of potentially aggressive confusion seen from somewhat contrary viewpoints. except the fact that white sees a number of positive sacrificial meaning at this point only obvious conclusion in The secure Mandala is collapse or regression into an undifferentiated condition, into the extremely confusion of Same as well as Other it has tried to reconcile Waldo Brown, dead of spite, in addition to his non-identical twin Arthur, sent to a mental institution, and keeping just one of his four solid mandalas. The conflict never affected their relationship as Arthur said at one occasion Ill kill, Arthur continued to bellow, the pair of you bloody buggers if you touch, he choked, my brother.( White p45) this showed how one brother protected the other skip over together in conflict, Waldo and Arthur represent duality in totality. Separate yet whole, the brothers symbolize the two opposing halves of the self. White advocates the need for both parts as well as for balance between the two. For example, Arthurs insighthis almost visionary capabilityis too otherw orldly for this

Human Resource Management Program in Electronic Firm in Ontario Case Study - 1

Human Resource Management Program in Electronic Firm in Ontario - Case Study ExampleEvaluators are promising to dismiss or assign scores based on their liking. Third, the success rate of the test is extremely low which raises eyebrows. If only 20% are apt(predicate) to pass the test then it seems like its serving a totally different occasion other than the intended. 50% success rate would be argumentation enough if the tests were valid and reliable (Gatewood, et al., 2011).Based on the above-highlighted problems reported on the selection program, a more motivating program that serves a applicable purpose should be adopted. First, the management team should devise and develop academic/mental interview questions and evaluation criteria that derriere assess employees in the electronic arena which is relevant to their job descriptions and not ask outrageous questions. To test for practical skills, the panel should ask the employees to perform some relevant operations using electron ic equipment and alternate the metal peg activity (Gatewood, et al., 2011). Also, much more transparency in the manner in which the surgery is undertaken should be enhanced such as openly printing out the results with the score criteria clearly elaborated.The union has valid arguments that can be backed up by the payment/compensation packages offered by the company. It can compare the kind of work the employees do with the remuneration. As reported, the company seeks to hire inexperienced workers so as to pay them as little as possible. Consequently, the confidentiality of the procedure is a point worth noting. The union can claim that the examinees results are tampered with since they are enclosed. Thirdly, the invalidity of the test questions is a strong argument to bring crosswise as the activities asked to be performed are irrelevant to the nature of work. This is an indication that there is a hidden motive (Gatewood, et al., 2011).

Wal-Mart, Target and Kmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wal-Mart, Target and Kmart - Essay ExampleKmart has a long history recently it is toilsome to emerge from bankruptcy reorganization. Kmart is slowly losing its nodes to Wal-Mart.Before being bankrupted Kmart was the second best retailer after Wal-Mart. Both companies used different strategies to outsmart each other. They attempt different strategies to woo the customers. After coming out from bankruptcy Kmart found that it has lost most of the customers to Wal-Mart and other retailers like Target. Its total net profit in like manner declined considerably. Target took this opportunity to its full advantage and started aggressive campaigning. Though the think tank of Target knew that most of Kmarts customers would go to Wal-Mart rather than coming to Targets stores, they started slashing the prices of the products and announce heavy discounts on them. They used innovative ideas to woo the customers.To maintain its top position Wal-Mart used to slash the rates so that when customer s come to purchase the items would bargain for other products also. These items were termed as loss leaders. Most of the middle class families are Wal-Marts customers. Target aimed at upper middle class. Because of this stiff competition between Wal-Mart, Kmart, Target, Costco, etc., customer has wide range of choices to choose. Customer can buy products at discount rates.

Reflection Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection Aging - Essay ExampleA person who does not go through these stages is considered to be experiencing abnormal senescence (OConnor, 1994)..According to Birren & Schaie (2001), normal aging does not involve necessarily becoming senile. Senile can be said to be weaknesses or a indisposition as one grows old. However, becoming senile is not normal aging. It depends on factors such as food, heredity, social support, mental abilities among others. Normal aging therefore brings nigh changes in eyesight, taste, smell, brain, heart, body fat, touch and smell among others. Nevertheless, it does not bring any diseases.The physiological change that concerns me the most is the diminished eyesight. The changes in eyesight lead to the expiration of the ability to judge depth when objects are near or far. The peripheral vision also decreases leading to blurred vision and even blindness at very advanced ages. Moreover, decreased eyesight leads to decreased clarity of colours. Loss of th e eyesight is more worrying than any other changes as it leads to not organism able to see clearly or even walk without help.Albert, M. L., Connor, L. T., & Obler, L. K. (2000).Neurobehavior of language and cognition Studies of normal aging and brain damage honoring Martin L. Albert. Boston, MA Kluwer academic

The Role Of Cultural Policy On Organisational Management Dissertation

The Role Of Cultural Policy On Organisational Management - Dissertation ExampleThe study will seek to determine the effects of heathenish policy within an organization. The utilization of an exploratory design enables the research to conduct research and gather raw information from the identified sources. This will be wakeless in opening up the direction for further research within the field by other researchers. Different data collection methods will be apply in collecting qualitative data, which will be utilized in making recommendations within the research. Primary data will be sedate through interviews and questionnaires sent to individuals who will be selected through the utilization of random sampling methods. These questionnaires will contain both closed and open-ended questions which will be utilized in the collection of qualitative data. Secondary data will be collected from existing literature and published material from research conducted by other researchers within th e same field of study. This information will be fundamental in providing guidelines for establishing the findings of the research. Qualitative approaches to data analysis will be utilized in seeking to analyze the collected data. Iteration will be continuously utilized during the data collection period in seeking to construe the analysis process becomes simplified and reduce the data analysis time. After the interim data analysis, memoing of the data contained within the filled questionnaire will be performed in seeking to summarise the information contained within the data.

English in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

face in India - Essay ExampleIn India the struggle between the local and the global is unfeignedly of current importance, it is an illustrative example of the development of English in postcolonial period. It might be even so, that local vocabulary practices, discourses, and values will be swallowed up by the sweeping economic and political forces brought about by globalization.In his recent work, Bhatt argues that these dichotomies of standard and nonstandard English have resulted in many figure differences within India, and that the richer classes in India use Standard English to maintain their hegemony over the lower classes, who speak a local variety. By using these dichotomies, Bhatt argues, Indian elites be reinforcing the biased expert discourses that sustain the hegemony of Standard English worldwide (Bhatt 59-63).According to Kachru, questions about language go beyond linguistics these are connected with the problems of power, history, sociology, political sympathies a nd economics. The most important reason for the success of English is, of course the historical role of England as a colonial power. In India, for example, the political power naturally attributed a power to the language (the linguistic elitism strategy was typical for the times of colonization).English has been with India since the early 1600s, and by the early 1800s a large number of English schools were set up. English became the functionary and academic language of India by the early twentieth century. In the 1920s the nationalist movement rose, bringing some anti-English sentiment with it (even though the movement itself used English as its medium). Independence was gained, and together with it, the perception of English as having an alien power base changed. English came to be the language of the legal system, higher education, administrative network, science and technology, trade and commerce. At that time, the use of English was considered prestigious and powerful, moreove r, the indigenous languages were not equipped for these roles and English provided for a genial vocabulary (Kachru127-136). However, more recent researches, as that of Annika Hohenthal, which studies the attitudes of Indians towards English by means of the experiment with informants, show that English has become more natural in the Indian environment nowadays, English represents the domains of education and employment, scientific knowledge, modernization and development, as well as more personal domains, such as the family and friendship. Indians themselves understand that because of linguistic and heathen reasons Indian English is naturally different from the British standard variety of English, it is as a variety of its own. Although English is clearly perceived as a more useful language to know, at the same time, people identify themselves more easily with Hindi, only a rather small proportion set themselves with British and Anglo-American culture. Most of the informants would like the use of Hindi to be encouraged in India, as well as they would like to see it as the official language also in future. Another important tendency virtually all the informants were sure that their children should learn English at school. This fact

Managing at a distance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing at a distance - Essay ExampleThe central location has become the virtual(prenominal) office, the virtual enterprise, which has translated into the virtual work team.Utilizing virtual teams now allow organizations to bring together critical contributors in real time that might not otherwise be able to work together in a traditional work environment. Virtual teams can also add to the pool of resources available to any organization by opening the door to include people from outside the sponsoring organization such as supply chain affiliates, members of interconnected organizations, or external consultants. In legion(predicate) cases, the communication and insight from this type of 360 degree feedback is can give the organization an edge over their competitors.The result is what has come to be termed a distributed work groups, or virtual teams as they are more commonly known. Like any team, a virtual team works on interdependent deputes guided by a common figure. Like anymor e traditional team, the group needs to have consistent and hands on leadership in order to take place the team focused on the tasks at hand, and facilitate progress. However, because these teams are located across space, time, and organizational and geographic boundaries, the challenges of leading the team have become an whole new endeavor. As one researcher described it, because of advanced technologies and communication tools global teams are developing the ability to work together apart (Grenier and Meters, 1992), In the light of these changing dynamics, leadership personnel must(prenominal) learn a new conflux of tools. Management by walking around, a term do popular in the 1980s as a way to stay connected to those under the leaders direction is no longer possible. In addition, ineffective anxiety styles which could be compensated for through personal contact now can destroy an organizations ability to communicate and achieve project goals effectively. Therefore, the team l eader must be able to complete and facilitate a number of human relational dynamics without seeing his team face to face, including trust building, performance accountability, and difference resolution. So how does the manager adapt his or her personal style to the needs of the virtual work team in order to overcome the barriers created by diametric locations and organizational cultures The manager must1. have a clear understanding of the project goals and objectives. 2. have a deep understanding of how or her own steering styles, it strengths and weaknesses3. work to improve on his or her weaknesses, and utilize his or her strengths in order to create an environment of transformational leadership.While many different personal military rating tools have evolved during the past few decades, the Strength Deployment Inventory (SDI) seeks to help the manager understand his or her own personal weaknesses as well as strengths. The purpose of the SDI is to make the manager more aware of their own personality and relationship skills, both positively and negatively. The purpose of the SDI is not to give the learner a task list, but rather educate him to use his gifts more effectively while charting a path to develop his own weaknesses. In the work team environment, an unsung weakness can destroy the moral or cohesiveness within the group more quickly because of the limited personal contact the participants have with for each one other. Team leaders typically find that achieving alignment and commitment

DELL IN E-COMMERCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

DELL IN E-COMMERCE - Essay ExampleIt is about reaching out to individual customers and establishing brands to suit individual requirements. This guide seeks to address the fundamental reasons for the tremendous ovation accorded to Dell over a period of time. Since Dell seems to have gained popularity as the most sought after ready reckoner Company, it is but natural, that other Companies would like to emulate its ways to chart and navigate the courses for their success. This business study seeks to highlight the reasons for the success of Dell, especially in the context of its remnant liaison with customers and vendors and building an work culture that fosters individual growth and development through performance. The fundamental reasons for Dells success could be attributed to its unrelenting vexation for innovative ideas and sound techniques, seeking better and newer avenues for corporate growth and development and gaining the active involvement of all relevant contributors to its success, within and outside the organization. Its unique marketing plan, devoid of middlemen, has ensured that its customers get their products straight off the assembly lines. Its product features, including user-friendly navigation and high comfort, safety and convenience of use, besides closer proximity to ultimate user has set it well in its path of achieving $80 Billion Business mark by end of 2007. Yet another feat quotable of emulation by rivals is the Dell Venture which entails $80 Billion as equity investments in 90 Private Limited Companies. This has been done with the prime accusive of sharing future technology in these companies and partnering the sharing of joint technological advancements in commonly interested computer fields. It is widely believed that the future years would visualise the advent of highly relevant and advanced technologies, through the use of innovation and state-of-the-art engineering designed products, without the need for Dell to have to

News in the United States Political System Essay

News in the United States Political System - Essay ExampleHowever, the qualities of reporting and journalism in the country certainly receive dimensions along which they can improve, and some observers are even severely critical of the state of affairs with respect to the media. The nature of content and safeguards against bias are curiously controversial aspects of the matter.There are 3 major groups of stakeholders with respect to news and the media the people who report, their audiences, and the entities covered by these reports (Bennett, 2007, p. 6). Each of these categories is further affected by their circles of acquaintances and votaries, and the personal effects that media content have on their images and societal positions. However, the audience should have precedence in all matters related to the development of media, because their vital interests should non be compromised in any circumstances.This document essays a review of how information is collated, analyzed, and pr esented by US media to its audiences, the impacts on each of the major categories of stakeholders, and how some of the important perceived limitations can be addressed. It is largely based on a major text on the state of the US media, which is widely used, and which is current as well (Bennett, 2007, p. 6).Two meaningful factors dominate key US media processes economics and technology. It is expensive to gather first hand information, and to disseminate it as well. Owners, advertisers, and theories of what audiences would like to see and hear, cast overbearing spells on the workings and decisions of reporters and around professional journalists. Economics rule news content (Hamilton, 2004, p. 7). The advantage of free enterprise becomes an entry barrier as far as the collection and dissemination of news is concerned. Editors have to function as executives, with eyes on lines of financial statements, rather than on the strengths they should have, and the accountabilities which they should hold well-nigh sacred. Interference and interventions by quarters which provide financial sustenance to the media is not blatant in any overt way, but the subtle compulsions are not to be denied. The most influential of such pressures on professional journalistic processes, relates to the role of advertising. The latter is directly related to sizes of audiences. Truth and relevance must be subservient to guessing as to what people would like to read and to hear. This leads to a high degree of subjectivity in the evaluation of the media and its utility, because the population which it serves is so diverse.Television has substantially displaced the sucker media as a source medium for news (Bennett, 2007, p. 23). Thus, technology is a determining factor in shaping views, and calls for an extension if not a dismissal of factual reporting skills from newspapers to electronic media forms. This aspect of media process does not end with television as the Internet grows in influe nce at unprecedented rates. This make out is set to accelerate much further as cellular telephones offer to keep people in touch at virtually all times. However, this does not mean that mainstream media is condemned to obsolescence, and the resurgence of radio is a reassuring example of how quality news management can retain the loyalties of audiences. The business sector of media is incredibly complex, and most lay people are not conscious of the logistics and management skills which are integral

Internal Software Audits are more effective than External Software Article

Internal Software Audits are more strong than External Software Audits - Article ExampleOne of the major reasons behind this may be because today almost all the companies are aware of risk factors involved in the core functionalities. A software audited account is a process of conducting elaborative and exact examination of each and every activity with in the purview of policies followed in the organisation. It not only includes the identification of core business areas as well as the tools and technologies used for those functions, the validity of those technologies that is their licences and number of licenses for particular software package. Therefore regular and timely audits are the great requirement of all the organization as it controls the occurrences of failures or frauds and helps in managing the risks. Thus software audits also helps in assuring the caliber of the product whether it fulfils the requirement of customer or not. But they are not at all related to source co de audits.All these factors demand that there must be some quantitative and qualitative way to check the quality of the software and software audits help tremendously in achieving this objective. Broadly there are following two different types of audits, which can be further sub, carve up into sub categories.In first party quality audits, coalescence to the documented and acknowledged quality systems is scrutinized. Broadly speaking it is a type of internal audit, which proves the adapt functionality of quality management system in an organisation. The first party audit is accomplished within the purview of an organisation with the core objective of measuring its ascendance and frailty against the strategies and methodologies followed by the organisation, against the external standards obligatory on the organisation. The organisation may recruit auditors, who dont have their realizes resides, for conducting such type of audits. According to the quality and environment audit stan dard ISO 19011 independence of audit team from the activities being audited is considered and conflicts of interest should be avoided when selecting the audit team members. Outsourcing an audit program to some other equally qualified company saves the time of internal employees and they can do their day-to-day activities efficiently and effectively. Moreover auditors are more objective and impartial and organisation may benefit from the experiences of auditors. They also help the organisation in formulating new policies, procedures, and practices and revise the existing ones. Internal auditors often help in executing other activities like merger, acquisition, and transmutation etc of an organisation. Thus they help the top management to adjudge preserve and regulate that include suitable documentation and audit trails during the organisations acquisition planning and implementation processes. An effective external audit function endow the board of directors and management withFeas ible certainty about the efficacy of internal control, accuracy and completeness of all the activities of an organisationAn free-living and objective view of a organisations activitiesInformation useful to directors and management in maintaining an organisations risk management processes.The objective of recruiting

Outsourcing to Developing Countries Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Outsourcing to Developing Countries - Term Paper ExampleThe question of outsourcing has a brought about a lot out a unnumberable of protests, many a(prenominal) of them by them based on the escalating the rates of unemployment. Notably, while there are some Americans that take it as a positive thing many more are scared by what it portends especially those who have lost their jobs to foreigners. According to Howard, in the article Globalization is an anomaly and its time is running out, china hosts very many of American china stores and myriad firms all are taking advantage of the cheap labor and raw materials. However, should China involve itself in search for oil from its Arabian neighbors there is potential for conflict? In such a case, America and China may be embroiled in an international row and this might force the investments in America to be closed down (Howard). Furthermore, due to political instability in many evolution companies, outsourcing might mean risking losing the investment in the time of riots or civil wars and the economy back home would suffer directly as a impart of a conflict in which America is neutral. Outsourcing is a two-sided sword, effectively cutting both parties in the arrangement, in America there are several(prenominal) financial gains especially for the firms involved. They get to form international networks thanks to globalization, obtain cheap labor, wide market and finally they are paying very miniscule tax since some of the countries in which they outsource give foreign investors tax breaks to encourage them and other multinationals to invest therein. In this paper, the issue of outsourcing will be examined closely in order to support, through argument, the position that outsourcing is doing more harm than good to the American economy. Outsourcing carries a myriad of negative financial implication for America oneness of these is that it greatly contributes to unemployment in the USA. It is predicted that 949 milli on will be lost because of outsourcing annually. These losses are not purely business by a huge division of it represents lost wages, to Americans, whose former employers have decamped so they can hire cheaper labor.

Mktg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Mktg - Essay ExampleThe other common restriction is imposition of taxes and tariffs on imports. Lastly, a government may ban trade between it and another country or countries. This is called Embargoes.Logistic Performance Index is an international logistic assessment tool used to conciliate a countries global trade performance in regard to logistical dimensions. These dimensions incude,quality of trade as press forwardd by infrastructure, efficiency in regard to the clearance concept, relation ease in the arrangement and pricing of shipment products, tracking and tracing ability of products being exported and imported. Overall quality and competitiveness of services used in logistics which may include transport oparations.Lastly under Logistic Performance Index is reliability. This refers to if the goods are able to reach their intended destination within expected time.In general outline, logistic performance index can be implored in a number of ways. They guide the assemblance o f goods before being exported to another country. They also facilitate import procedures and provide guidelines that are common to parties participating in trade. It gives firms universal outlook and enables all nations be potential markets. In conclusion political restricts bear on the overall affair welfare of a particular country whereas logistic Performance index puts logistic systems in place to enable effective trading environment

Insanity of War Essay Example for Free

Insanity of War EssayJoseph the Tempter and Kurt Vonnegut were two of the most influential anti-war authors of the twentieth century. haler and Vonnegut served in Second World War Heller flew lux missions as a bombardier and Vonnegut was awarded the Purple Heart as an infantry scout. by means ofout the Vietnam War, these two authors were worship for the heroic anti-war masterpieces that they wrote. College students by dint ofout the country carried the novels Heller and Vonnegut wrote everywhere they went. Heller first published his book in 1961, right in the midst of Civil Rights Movement, a perfect time for a book that ch each(prenominal)enges the power of bureaucracy. Vonnegut published his novel eight years later in 1969, during the Vietnam War, a controversial period for American citizens. One student was quoted saying, Kurt Vonnegut and Joseph Heller were part of a vanguard of writers my fri demises and I idolized (Golly). Through the drug abuse of colonial structur es, highly effective literary styles, and use portrayal, Heller and Vonnegut helped to reveal the insanity of war.Heller and Vonnegut both use a complex structure when writing their satirical anti-war novels. When writing Catch-22, Heller flavorionally created a report that is hard to bind. While Heller admits that Catch-22 was meticulously structured in order to seem disorderly, he disagrees with the readers that claim Catch-22 is formless (Merrill 34). Merrill also claims that Heller says the legitimate structure is artfully camouflaged (34). He speaks the ideas of multiple characters and tells the figment in an unconventional manner. While the majority of the novel is indite from the ideas, actions, and feelings of John Yossarian, the protagonist, Heller uses other characters to tell the story from a different perspective.An example of this comes in Chapter 6, aptly named Hungry Joe, where Heller writes the ideas and feelings of Hungry Joe (Heller 51). Another comes in th e twentieth chapter, where the narrative comes from collective Whitcomb (Heller 198). Heller also uses an unorthodox chronology while writing Catch-22. Multiple times during the text Heller makes obvious jumps in time, be it forward or back. Heller uses the number of missions to help the reader follow the chronology of this in fair structure. On the twenty-first page, Doc Daneeka declares that the col anel want fifty missions (Heller). He then declares that the Twenty-seventh Air reap only requires forty missions and later on the same page they are required fifty-five missions (Heller 58).Vonnegut also uses a complex structure when writing his book, Slaughterhouse-five, only when rather than switching from character to character, he changes between bypast, present, future. Vonnegut uses a chronological scheme that is difficult to follow as well he actually starts the narrative during the second chapter. He starts the novel, on page twenty-three, by talking about the past and te lls us that the protagonist, Billy Pilgrim, was born in 1922 (Vonnegut). Seven pages later, he jumps to 1944 describing his fleck of assistant chaplain and his first time being unstuck in time (Vonnegut 30). Then, during the fifth chapter, starting on page eighty-eight, he talks about the past again. When he was twelve years old, he went on vacation to the Grand Canyon that he hated (Vonnegut). In addition to using a complex structure, Vonnegut uses the phrase So it goes over one degree Celsius times (Slaughterhouse-Five).These writing structures both work to expose the insanity of war. Heller creates a chaotic nimbus by writing through numerous characters and through a chronology that is anything but in a logical order. While Vonnegut employs the death of over a carbon people at bottom Slaughterhouse-Five and uses an intensely paced, chronological mess (Vonnegut). They both write chapters and paragraphs that follow the same disorganized style. With the structures that Heller a nd Vonnegut use, they both create a chaotic atmosphere for their readers, similar to that of war. They attempt to place the readers in a situation that makes them feel similar to the authors, when they were in the military.Heller and Vonneguts literary style is to create emphasis in the mind of the reader by shifting the narrative around from character to character and to and from different time periods. They do this in order to quite a little the readers closer to the soldiers and bombardiers of the Second World War. By doing so, they cause the readers to begin to wonder what will be happening next in the story much ilk the way the soldiers of Catch-22 do on the fictional island of Pianosa and the Slaughterhouse-Five soldiers in the German city of Dresden (Heller, Vonnegut).The overall pace of Catch-22 is slow Heller is very descriptive and builds the setting and atmosphere. thither is, however, parts of Catch-22 that are intense and fast paced. Heller uses this slow pace to bui ld tension before the novel climaxes. Catch-22 becomes faster as it approaches the climax and the end of the novel. This change of pace ties directly to war at first everything is slow, then suddenly, the characters are in the middle of a firefight or bombing mission, then it pronto ceases.Slaughterhouse-Five uses a slightly faster pace throughout the novel Vonneguts narrative is much shorter and does not go into as much depth as Hellers story does. However, this is the same feeling that many soldiers of the Second World War felt. The soldiers and bombardiers do not always know what is happening next or, in regard to the topical Iraqi war, which is the enemy and which is not.Heller employs another literary device, called a motif, a recurring theme or device in literature, and in the novel written by Heller, the motif was catch-22. Heller incorporates many forms of the catch-22 throughout the novel. The main catch follows when Yossarian must continue transient missions. Obviously anyone willing to risk their lives by flying these missions is crazy. The only way to be granted permission to stop flying the missions is to ask the commanding officer, but he cannot grant permission to be grounded unless it is asked of him.However, anyone sane enough to ask a commanding officer to be grounded is clearly not insane because they have regard for their lives. Therefore, they must continue flying missions. In short, any circular argument that always works in favor of the bureaucratic form that puts it in place is a catch-22. These circular arguments trap soldiers within the chaos of war they have no way to escape it because of the system that placed it. There is several other catch-22s in the novel Catch-22, such as the open and close case against Clevenger in which all they need is something to charge him with and how they can only meet up with study study Major Major in his office when he is not in his office.Vonnegut also employs the literary device motif, withi n his novel. He uses the phrase So it goes over one hundred times in Slaughterhouse-Five (Slaughterhouse-Five). He first uses the phrase So it goes when talking about Gerhard Mullers, a cab driver, mother, who was incinerated in the Dresden fire-storm (Vonnegut 2). During chapter nine, Vonnegut writes about how Billys wife, Valencia, dies of carbon monoxide poisoning aft(prenominal) an accident she caused while driving to the hospital Billy was taken to after a plane accident he was involved in (Vonnegut).In the precedent situation, Vonnegut ended to text with So it goes, this shows how the insanity of war causes death to mean so little to some people. The culture use is on the second to last page, two hundred fourteen he uses it after the death of Edgar Derby, an old, poor English teacher, who was arrested, tried, and shot for stealing a teapot (Vonnegut). Vonnegut uses the phrase So it goes to equalize all death. Through equalizing all death, Vonnegut brings forward how some bu reaucratic systems feel about war and their effects on life. Vonnegut writes to point out the insanity of war he shows his readers what war can cause and how his characters and their lives are affected.Hellers characters display insanity throughout Catch-22. An example of this occurs on page seventy-five, when the following conversation takes placeIn sixty days youll be fighting Billy Petrolle, the colonel with the big fat mustache roared. And you think its a big fat joke.I dont think its a joke, sir, Clevenger replied.Dont pauseYes, sirAnd say sir when you do, ordered Major Metcalf.Yes, sir.Werent you just ordered not to interrupt? Major Metcalf inquired coldly.But I didnt interrupt, sir, Clevenger protested.No, and you didnt say sir, either. Add that to the charges against him, Major Metcalf directed the corporal who could take shorthand, Failure to say sir to superior officers when not interrupting them. (Heller)This conversation shows just how crazy some of Hellers characters are. Through his dialogue, Heller shows the insanity of his characters and the absurdity of war. Conversations similar to this occur a dozens of times throughout Catch-22. Another example of Heller portraying insanity occurs when the IBM machine in control of the military ranking system gains a sense of humor. After only four days of enlistment, Private Major Major Major, one of Hellers more awkward characters, becomes Major Major Major Major (Heller). This mistake portrays another chaotic situation that war created. The bureaucratic system causes confusion and people lose control of their responsibilities.The actions of war depicted in Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-five, caused a large amount of death. The center of the book, the German city of Dresden, is approximated to have had at least thirty-five thousand and some sources say up to one hundred thousand casualties in the infamous firebombing of Dresden during the Second World War (Bombing of Dresden). A few characters from Slaughter house-five share the same insanity of those from Catch-22, such as Roland Weary, who is intent on glorifying himself and uses the fact that he saved Billy multiple times to do it (Vonnegut). Although the characters from Slaughterhouse-five dont carry on crazy dialogues, they still portray madness through their actions, like when Wild Bob inquires if Billy is part of the regiment that he is colonel of, even though all his men are dead (Vonnegut).Heller and Vonnegut use their characters in a way that proves that war does really take a toll of a persons mental situation. Through their motifs, Catch-22 and So it goes, Heller and Vonnegut show that bureaucratic systems and death do not mix well. Systems like this shouldnt have control over such a life altering things, especially since they carry the lieu So it goes throughout the war. It really is insane for a system to be in place in which someone has absolute control over anothers life.And the powerfulness of these people to have a S o it goes attitude is as pure madness. The structure in Slaughterhouse-five and Catch-22 are very similar in that the both follow a chronology that is nowhere near in order. This is significant because it puts the reader into the insanity of war. The have the same confusion that soldier does until they realize what is really going on. Through the use of characters, motifs, and confusing chronologies these brilliant antiwar authors capture the insanity of war.

Blackadder Goodbyeee Essay Example for Free

Blackadder Goodbyeee EssayBlackadder is a four series BBC1 sitcom that was created in 1983 by Richard Curties and Ben Elton. It attempt to explain Bristish history in a period from 1485 to 1917 in a comedic way. Blackadder Goes Forth has an lampoon preliminary to the World War I which was an alarm event. This lampoon approaching is particularly success in the last episode, Goodbyee, which tells the story of five main character, passe-partout Edmund Blackadder (Rowan Atkinson), Private S. Baldrick (Tony Robinson), Genereal Sir Anthony Hogmanay Melchett (Stephen Fry), Lieutenant The Honourable George Colthurst St. Barleigh ( Hugh Laurie) and captain Kevin Darling (Tim McInnerny). Each of them had their own reaction and emotional stateing in respond to the last push. The fear, the anxiety, and desire non to be dead were draw in a comedy way. It is verbalise that when the situation is far worse to cry, laugh to it. It means there is no word can describe the horror of that sit uation. The episode Goodbyee chose that approach to tell the real story of soldiers, hero and casualty, in World War I. Eventhough the laugh, silly questions, cunning plan, and funny event happen throughout the movie, there is naught real fun.All the reaction is their respond out of depression as the last attempt to avoid the dead. Blending comedy with tragedy, Goodbyeee definitely makes the audience feel the horror of the fight, the meaningless and the cost of it. World War I or striking War was a major war took place in atomic number 63 from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 between two opposite alliances the Allies (United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Power (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italia). Triggered by the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir of the throne, the war began.The Austro-Hungarian invaded Serbia, the German invaded Belgium, Luxembourg and France, and the Russian attacked Germany. The Western Front settled into a stat ic battle with a trench line that changed little until 1917. After United Sates entered the trench and the Allies set back the German armies in a series of successful offensive, Germany agreed to a cease fire on 11 November 1918, marked the end of the Great War. This four years war cost about 70 million military personnel mobilized and more than 9 million combatants killed. World War I, Wikipedia)Goodbyeee tell the true story about the soldier in the Western Front. All of their reaction, feeling and ideas about the war are shown in their last minutes before the big push. Eventhough they were professional soldiers, they were still afraid of a battle. Captain Blackadder (Atkinson) pretended to go mad by putting an underwear on his distributor point and putting stick up his nose, in order to be sent back but it did not work out. public Melchett (Fry) gave Captain Darling (McInnerny) the frontline tutelage honor- the honor of being dead.Afraid of being dead,Captain Darling kneeled and pleaded General Melchett (Fry) to change his mind but unsuccessful. Eventhough the fear of Captain Darling was so obvious General Melchett intentionally misinterpreted the pleading. Regardless the leader responsibility and role-mole, all of them were trying to find a way to escape the dead. They did not feel ashamed when pretending to be mad in the cunning plan in front of their soldier or shoving the honor of dead in the front line to other people. They did not feel humiliated when pleading and kneeling.They even pretended to misunderstand the obviously begging. They ran away from their responsibility. That never have been expected to do as a soldier who could die for their country. The laugh added, the calm voice and the funny faces of actors make the viewer the humor of the situation. However, beneath the humor is the raw fear that can not be easily uncovered. The raw fear was not easily uncovered, but the muddled would be. All of Georges friends were dead, simply and normal ly. However, looking at the way their dead were described Sticky had been out for a duck (Goodbyee, DVD), there were anything but normal.The news of their dead was not told directly to avoid the feeling of lost. This mean the lost were so horrible that it needed to be avoided. Obviously, as George said, I suppose Im the only one of the Trinity Tiddlers still alive. (Goodbyeee, DVD), the number of lost were so high. This scene of the movie has another interesting but sorrowful approach the lost counted by the number of soldiers who were still alive rather than who had been dead.The fear was so visible and the lost were horrible. That leads the question of Private Baldrick (Robinson),How did the war start? (Goodbyee, DVD). Even the soldiers who were responsible for protecting the country did understand the reason of the war. Even the Captain could not give the fully and correctly answer. The scrambling of words in question and explanation were attempted to avoid the real truth behind it. There were no clear reasons for the war. There were blind soldiers who would die without knowing why. That is the real horror of the war that the movie makes people may felt fear, tried to avoid the dead, lost the pride as a soldier without understanding why.Good bye is the obviously comedy. However, beneath all the humor is the sorrowful truth about the war fear, death and the meaningless of the war. Fear was hidden under mindless activities for exclusion from war. Death and the meaningless of the war were avoided by scrambling words. Laughing at the humor in the movies to hide the tears bursting out when the final truth had been recovered in the last minutes before the big push Im scared, sir. , said Goerge, Im scared too, sir, said Baldrick. (Goodbyeee, DVD).

From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Essay Example for Free

From merchandise Mix to blood market EssayThis report discusses how the merchandising blend management paradigm has dominated the trade thought, enquiry and practice since it was introduced al close to 40 years ago, but today new marketing tone-beginninges ar being introduced and used. The globalization of business and the evolving recognition of the richness of customer retention and market economies and of customer consanguinity economics, among former(a) trends, reinforce the change in mainstream marketing. Marketing MixThe term marketing im potpourried baged baging is probably one of the close to famous marketing terms used by millions of people. Its elements argon known as the intravenous feeding Ps, which are price, place, ingathering, and promotion. These four variables are the variables that marketing managers tooshie control in order to best satisfy customers in the target market. Figure 1 Marketing Mix Model 4Ps Marketing the direction most textb ooks treat it today was introduced around 1960. The concept of the marketing cock and the Four Ps of marketing product, price, place and promotion entered the marketing textbooks at that time. pronto they also became treated as the unchallenged basic model of marketing, so totally overpowering previous models and approaches, such as, for example, the organic functiona dis lay outation approach advocated by Wroe Alderson as well as other systems-oriented approaches and parameter theory developed by the Copenhagen School in Europe that these are hardly remembered, nonetheless with a gloss in most textbooks of today. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The marketing intermingle refers to variables that a marketing manager can control to influence a blemishs sales or market share.Traditionally, these variables are summarized as the Four Ps of marketing product, price, promotion, and place (i. e. , distribution). Product refers to aspects such as the potent s portfolio of products, the newness of those products, their variousiation from competitors, or their superiority to rivals products in terms of quality. Promotion refers to advertising, detailing, or informative sales promotions such as features and displays. Price refers to the products incline price or any incentive sales promotion such as quantity discounts, temporary price cuts, or deals.Place refers to delivery of the product measured by variables such as distribution, availability, and shelf space. The 4Ps model is moreover one of many marketing mix lists that form been developed over the years. And, whilst the questions we arrive listed above are keys, they are just a subset of the detailed probing that may be required to optimize your marketing mix. Amongst the other marketing mix models have been developed over the years is the 7Ps, sometimes called the extended marketing mix, which include the first 4 Ps, plus people, processes and physical layout decisions.A nonher marketing mix approach is Lauterborns 4Cs, which presents the elements of the marketing mix from the buyers, rather than the sellers, perspective. It is do up of Customer needs and wants (the equivalent of product), Cost (price), Convenience (place) and Communication (promotion). Cultural policies to promote transformation of heathen expressions today must deal with numerous factors and needs, some of which concern the right of all groups to their forms of expression, and others strictly with business feasibility and the possibility of marketing on a global scale.These different factors may be difficult to reconcile but they are complementary as none can survive and be managed without referring to or involving the other. From the perspective of production development, it is frequently stated that cultural expressions need to find their market in order to survive, but it is also the case that the sacrificing of cultural content with little market value lowers the value of cultura l production overall.From the perspective of rights to and processes of identity construction, culture generates services that cannot be governed exclusively by the market, specially in view of the marginality of subaltern groups. Nevertheless, it is about impossible to think of cultural practices and consumption today without involving the market in some way. For marketers in the cultural constancy it is important to identify the factors influencing consumers purchasing. Cultural factors are essentially important in selection of the two elements of place and product. For example, someone brought p in an environment that determine art would be to a greater extent likely to buy artistic products. Even it may be important considering customers in terms of their sub-culture. atomic number 53 may be surrounded by people who not only value art but place a higher priority on paintings as oppose to the music. As a result, they go forth be more likely to buy paintings rather than mus ical instrument. Pricing the artistic products and activities should also follow a logic trend. This practice may be done through some standards set among artists of the same class or by the very artist creator of his work.In general, as it can be seen, due to the difference. (Shahhosseini Ardahaey, 2011) The Four Ps of the marketing mix became an indisputable paradigm in academic research, the validity of which was taken for granted. For most marketing researchers in large parts of the academic world it seems to remain the marketing truth even today. The Four Ps of the marketing mix had been even referred to as the holy quadrupleof the marketing faith written in tablets of stone. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994)The marketer plans various means of competition and blends them into a marketing mix so that a realise function is optimized, or rather satisfied. The marketing mix, concept was introduced by Neil Borden in the 1950s, and the mix of different mea ns of competitions was soon labeled the Four Ps. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Any marketing paradigm should be well set to receive the marketing concept, i. e. the notion that the firm is best off by designing and directing its activities according to the needs and desires of customers in chosen target markets. Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) American Marketing Association, in its most recent explanation states that marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create supersede and satisfy individual and organizational objectives (emphasis added) (Gronroos, From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing, 1994) The problem with the Marketing Mix One can easily argue that the four Ps of the marketing mix are not well able to fulfill the requirements of the marketing concept.As Dixon and Blois put it, ind eed it would not be unfair to suggest that far from being concerned with a customers interests (i. e. somebody for whom something is done) the views implicit in the Four P approach is that the customer is somebody to whom something is done (emphasis added) . To use a marketing simile, the marketing mix and its four Ps constitute a production-oriented definition of marketing, and not a market-oriented or customer oriented one. Moreover, although the interactive nature of the Ps is recognized, the model itself does not explicitly include any interactive elements.Furthermore, it does not indicate the nature and scope of such fundamental interactions. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Van Waterschoot and Van den Bulte recognize three flaws in the Four P model * The properties or characteristics that are the basis for classification have not been identified. * The categories are not mutually exclusive. * There is a catch-all subcategory that is continually grow ing . many another(prenominal) marketing-related phenomena are not included. Moreover, as Johan Arndt has concluded, marketing research remains narrow in scope and even myopic, and methodological issues dumbfound more important than inwardness matters. Gronroos, From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing, 1994) The Nature of the Marketing Mix The usefulness of the Four Ps as a general marketing theory for practical purposes is, to say the least, highly questionable. Originally, although they were largely found on empirical induction and earlier lists of marketing functions of the practicable school of marketing, they were probably developed under the influence of microeconomic theory and specially the theory of monopolistic competition of the 1930s, in order to add more realism to that theory. However, very soon the connection to microeconomic theory was cut off and subsequently totally forgotten. Theoretically, the marketing mix became j ust a list of Ps without roots. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Managing the marketing mix makes marketing seem too easy to handle and organize.Marketing is separated from other activities of the firm and delegated to specialists who take care of the analysis, planning and carrying into action of various marketing tasks, such as market analysis, marketing planning, advertising, sales promotion, sales, pricing, distribution and product packaging. Marketing incisions are created to take responsibility for the marketing function of the firm, The marketing department approach to organizing the marketing function has isolated marketing from design, production, deliveries, technical service, complaints handling, invoicing and other activities of the firm.As a consequence, the rest of the organization has been alienated from marketing. Therefore, it has made it difficult, often even impossible, to turn marketing into the integrative function that would provide other departments with the market-related input needed in order to make the organization truly market oriented and reach a stage of co-ordinated marketing the marketing specialists organized in a marketing department may get alienated from the customers.Managing the marketing mix means relying on mass marketing. Customers become numbers for the marketing specialists, whose actions, thitherfore, typically are based on surface information obtained from market research reports and market share statistics. Frequently such marketers act without ever having encountered a real customer. The marketing department concept is obsolete and has to be replaced by some other way of organizing the marketing function, so that the organization will have a chance to become market-oriented.A traditional marketing department will eer, in the final analysis, stand in the way of spreading market orientation. The use of the marketing mix management paradigm and the Four Ps has made it very difficult for t he marketing function to earn credibility. Some firms have solved this problem not only by downscaling or altogether terminating their marketing departments but also by banning the use of the term marketing for the marketing function. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) What is the History of the Marketing Mix?A paradigm like this has to be well founded by theoretical deduction and empirical research differently much of marketing research is based on a loose foundation and the results of it questionable. Let us look at the history of the marketing mix paradigm and the four Ps. The marketing mix developed from a notion of the marketer as a mixer of ingredients, which was an expression surely used by James Culliton (1948) in a study of marketing costs in 1947 and 1948. The marketer plans various means of competitions and blends them into a marketing mix, so that a profit function is optimized, or rather satisfied.The marketing mix is actually a list of categor ies of marketing variables, and to begin with, this way of defining or describing a phenomenon can never be considered a very valid one. A list never includes all relevant elements, it does not fit either situation, and it becomes obsolete. And indeed, marketing academics every now and then bear additional Ps to the list, once they have found the standard tablet of faith too limited. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Kotler has, in the scene of megamarketing, added public relations and politics, thus expanding the list to six Ps.In service marketing. Booms and Bitner (1982) have suggested three additional Ps, people, physical evidence and process. Judd (1987) among others, has argued for just one new P, people. Advocators of the marketing mix paradigm sometimes have suggested that service should be added to the list of Ps (e. g. Lambert and Harrington 1989 and Collier 1991). J It is, by the way, interesting to notice that after the four Ps were definitely canonized sometime in the early 1970s new items to the list are almost exclusively put in the form of PsIt is also noteworthy that Bordens original marketing mix included 12 elements, and that this list was not intend to be a definition at all. Borden considered it guidelines only, which the marketer probably would have to reconsider in any given situation. In line with the mixer of ingredients metaphor he also implied that the marketer would blend the various ingredients or variables of the mix into an integrated marketing program. This is a fact that advocators of the four Ps (or five, six, seven or more Ps) and of todays marketing mix approach seem to have totally forgotten.In fact, the four Ps represent a significant oversimplification of Bordens original concept. McCarthy either misunderstood the meaning of Bordens marketing mix when he reformulated the original list in the shape of the rigid mnemonic of the four Ps where no blending of the Ps is explicitly included or his fol lowers misinterpreted McCarthys intentions. In many marketing textbooks organized around the marketing mix, such as Philip Kotlers long-familiar Marketing Management (e. g. 991), the blending aspect and the need for integration of the four Ps are discussed, even in depth, but such discussions are always limited due to the fact that the model does not explicitly include an integrative dimension. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Contemporary Theories of Marketing In most marketing textbooks the marketing mix management paradigm and its Four Ps are still considered the theory of marketing. Indeed, this is the case in much of the academic research into marketing however, since the 1960s alternative theories of marketing have been developed.As Moller observes in a recent overview of research traditions in marketing, from the functional view of marketing mix management our focus has extended to the strategic role of marketing, aspects of service marketing, politi cal dimensions of channel management, interactions in industrial electronic meshings to mention just a few evolving trends. The interaction/network approach to industrial marketing was originated in Sweden at Uppsala University during the 1960s and has since spread to a large number of countries.Between the parties in a network various interactions take place, where exchanges and adaptations to each other occur. A flow of goods and information as well as financial and social exchanges takes place in the network. In such a network the role and forms of marketing are not very clear. All exchanges, all sorts of interactions have an impact on the position of the parties in the network. The interactions are not necessarily initiated by the seller the marketer according to the marketing mix management paradigm and they may take place over a long period of time, for example, for several years.The seller, who at the same time may be the buyer in a reciprocal setting, may of course app ly marketing specialists, such as sales representatives, market communication people and market analysts but in addition to them a large number of persons in functions which according to the marketing mix management paradigm are non-marketing, such as research and development, design, deliveries, customer training, invoicing and credit management, has a decisive impact on the marketing success of the seller in the network.In the early 1970s the marketing of services started to emerge as a separate area of marketing with concepts and models of its own geared to typical characteristics of services. In Scandinavia and Finland the Nordic School of Services more than research into this field elsewhere looked at the marketing of services as something that cannot be separated from overall management. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The New Approaches and the Marketing MixThe interaction and network approach of industrial marketing and fresh service marketing app roaches, especially the one by the Nordic School, clearly views marketing as an interactive process in a social context where affinity building and management is a vital cornerstone. They are in some respects clearly related to the systems-based approaches to marketing of the 1950s (compare, for example, Alderson 1957). The marketing mix paradigm and its four Ps, on the other hand, is a much more clinical approach, which makes the seller the active part and the buyer and consumer passive.No personalized relationship with the producer and marketer of a product is supposed to exist, other than with professional sales representatives in some case. The development of innovative theories, models and concepts of industrial marketing (interaction/network approach) and service marketing has clearly demonstrated that the marketing mix paradigm and its four Ps finally have reached the end of the road as the normal marketing theory. From a management point of view the four Ps, undoubtedly, m ay have been helpful. The use of various means of competition became more organized.However, the four Ps were never applicable to all markets and to all types of marketing situations. The development of alternative marketing theories discussed above demonstrate that even from a management perspective, the marketing mix and its four Ps became a problem. Their pedagogic elegance and deceiving sense of simplicity made practical marketing management look all too clinical and straightforward even for actors in the consumer packaged goods field where they were originally intended to be used. Consumer goods amounts to a considerable business, and there the four Ps could still fulfill a function.However, many of the customer relationships of manufacturers of consumer goods are industrial-type relationships with wholesalers and retailers, and the retailers of consumer goods more and more consider themselves service providers. In such situations the four Ps have less to offer even in the cons umer goods field. Moreover, as far as the marketing of consumer goods from the manufacturer to the ultimate consumers is concerned, there is a growing debate whether one can continue to apply marketing in the traditional mass marketing way. Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The Future The Relationship Marketing Concept In the relationship marketing concept to be presented here the core variables are relationships, networks and interaction. The choice is not arbitrary these variables recurrently emerge in the new marketing theories that have challenged the reigning marketing management paradigm during the past twenty-five years. These variables are not new they were there thousands of years ago and they present themselves here and now. They will be here in the future, no matter if they are represented by relationship marketing or something else. They are part of edict. In fact, society is nothing less than a network of relationships within which we interact, and marketing is a dimension of society. Research and education in business have only latterly begun to acknowledge the existence of relationships, but have not as yet understood their omnipresence and deep impact on marketing. Although it is encouraging that relationships have been made visible and that the interest in them is soaring, major problems follow.One is that those who start to explore and implement relationship marketing techniques are often not sufficiently familiar with the foundations of relationship marketing, its paradigm. Furthermore, relationship marketing is put under siege by the traditional marketing management paradigm, and the techniques used in relationship marketing implementation are often more grounded in marketing management values than in relationship marketing values. (Gummesson, 2002)An integral element of the relationship marketing approach is the promise concept, which has been strongly emphasized by Henrik Calonius According to him the responsibi lities of marketing do not only, or predominantly, including giving promises and thus persuading customers as passive counterparts on the market place to act in a given way. Fulfilling promises that have been given is equally important as means of achieving customer satisfaction, retention of the customer base and long profitability (compare also Reichheld and Sasser).He also stresses the fact that promises are mutually given and fulfilled. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Relationship Marketing There are many definitions of relationship marketing, most of them stressing the development and maintenance of long term relationships with customers and sometimes with other stakeholders. Total relationship marketing is marketing based on relationships, networks and interaction, recognizing that marketing is embedded in the total management of the networks of the selling organization, the market and society.It is directed to long term win-win relationships with individual customers, and value is jointly created among the parties involved. It transcends the boundaries between specialist functions and disciplines. Total relationship marketing embraces not just the provider-customer dyad as does one-to-one marketing and CRM (customer relationship management) but also relationships to a suppliers own suppliers, to competitors and to middlemen these are all market relationships. (Gummesson, 2002) Is There a Paradigm Shift in Marketing? Relationships do not function by themselves.As McInnes said already three decades ago, the existence of a market relation is the foundation of exchange not a substitute for it. Only in extreme situations, for example when the computer systems of a buyer and a materials provider are connected to each other in order to initiate and satisfy purchase decisions automatically, the relationship, at least for some time, may function by itself. In such situations one comes close to what Johan rndt called domesticated ma rkets, where transactionsare normally handled by administrative processes on the basis of negotiated rules of exchange.Normally, advertising, distribution and product branding, for example, will still be needed, but along with a host of other activities and resources. (Gummesson, 2002) However, what marketing deserves is new perspectives, which are more market-oriented and less manipulative, and where the customer indeed is the focal point as suggested by the marketing concept. Conclusion Marketing mix as a general perspective evolved because at one time it was an effective way of describing and managing many marketing situations.Before the marketing mix there were other approaches. Now time has made this approach less helpful other than in specific situations. New paradigms have to come. After all, we live in the 1990s, and we cannot for ever continue to live with a paradigm from the 1950s and 1960s. However, bearing in mind the long-term damages of the marketing mix as the planet ary truth, we are going to need several approaches or paradigms Relationship marketing will be one of them.