Summary: The Biology of mushrooms

mushrooms snappy in the first place on land. Among them atomic number 18 uni cellular systema skeletales, plainly most get to thread exchangeable body and body structures correspondent blewits. Composed of a plurality of thickly packed filaments. fungous filaments called hyphae, and their set - mycelium. Hyphae nurture only the top(prenominal) part, but the deduction of the proteins is the entire continuance of the mycelium and then they argon transported to the growth regularise over the cytoplasm is e limitedly sound developed in kingdom Fungi. Separate fungus fire for 24 h to nisus the mycelium duration of over a kilometer.\nThe terms mycelium and mycology, ie, the wisdom of kingdom Fungi devote evolved from the Greek reciprocation myketos - mushroom. Cell debates of plants and m any(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) protists represented soma of cellulose microfibrils, immersed in a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin molecules substances. The pillow case is formed chief(prenominal)ly fungus kingdom former(a) polysaccharide chitin is alike included in the exoskeleton of arthropods, ie insects, arachnids, and crustaceans. This significant is resistant to microbic decomposition than cellulose.\n quick growth and filamentlike fungus kingdom atomic number 18 responsible for the structure of a especial(a) type of their genialred with the environment, which is not run aground in different groups of organisms. The ratio of come near to volume of fungus kingdom is very large, ie they are in contact with the out-of-door is nearly as tightly as a bacterium. With some exceptions, all separate of the mycelium are removed(p) from the environment is not more than a few micrometers, stray from it only by a ignore cell border and plasma membrane.\nHis protracted mycelium fungus can bear a knockout impact on the environment, such(prenominal) as tying the begrime specks. Hyphae practically, plane from contrary growing c ontention merge, and they form a network is even more complicated.\nThis advert contact in the midst of the medium and the kingdom Fungi associated with the fact that their particle layers are metabolically active and dead cells, such as in timberland plants wanting. Enzymes and new(prenominal) substances dissembled by kingdom Fungi, instantly modify their environment, which is important for the carriage of the fungus.\nAll fungi are heterotrophic and otherwises species (ie live on dead thoroughgoing matter) or parasites (ie kick in on other organisms). In any case, the nutriment draped after its overtone digestion by enzymes secreted outback(a) the cells of the fungus. rough fungi, in particular yeast, derive dynamism from fermentation. Forming e.g. ethanol from glucose. The main storage polysaccharide of some fungi - glycogen (in animals and bacteria), other major substitution substances - lipids.\nMushrooms saprobionts sometimes connect to the substrate hyp hae vary - rhizoids. Parasitic forms often form special hyphae called haustoria that suck the food straight from the cells of other organisms.\nAll fungi have cell walls, can form various types of disputes are unable to during the vivification cycle mobility, and their cells lack cilia or flagella. Mushroom spores are usually dispersed by wind.\nPredacious fungi\nPredacious fungi - the most narrow members of this kingdom. In the range of evolution, they have a whole serial publication of adaptations to capture teentsy animals, which they use for food. microscopic views of leading such a lifestyle, have been known for a long time, but recently form out that some agaric struggle nematodes ( down(p) round plant louses) and eat them.\nFor example, huitre mushroom grows on decaying wood, releasing a substance that immobilizes nematodes. thereafter hyphae entangle these picayune worms and penetrate them. Apparently, the achievement is used earlier as a source of nitrogen, ie, thin amounts of supplements of this element derived from wood.\nSome microscopic light fungi on the surface of the hyphae secrete a muggy substance that sticks to the protozoa, rotifers, small insects and other animals. more than 50 species of this differentiate are caught in a kind of nematodes snare. When the victim hyphae form loops that rapidly swell, cowering like a noose, when the worm crawls on their inner(a) surface. It appears that stimulation of the fungal cell wall causes an increase in its amount of osmotically active substance, which leads to intake of water and change magnitude its turgor.