Impact of Greek and Roman Civilization

Impact of Hellenic and roman print CivilizationINTRODUCTIONThere is no ancient history without the mention of classic and papistical civilizations. Ancient civilization was part of the history that make the basis of the world we know today. Many large number would adopt why Greek and Roman civilizations became so popular in the world. In Western finish and identity, Greeks occupy a very prominent short letter in conception. The Greeks have made generations of influential writers and scholars especially due to their Hellenic stopping point. Roman civilization on the other hand was founded in 800BC on an Italian peninsular (Spielvogel, 2008). Roman civilization, which is a mighty empire, started as a monarchy and then shifted to a republic before becoming an empire. Much of ancient capital of Italy culture got inspiration from ancient Greece (Mahaffy, 2009).Collins Randal in the book The sociology of philosophies a global theory of gifted change points out that culture begets itself. He points out that culture is autonomous and that culture explains its changes, terms and forms (pg 9). Collins points out that, culture beliefs such as religion, ethnic consciousness and political ideologies atomic number 18 not correlated with well-disposed variables such as class. Collins says that intelligent activity is basis of intellectual communities. The various aspects that make up intellectual activities include religion, social knowledge and intellectual net turn tails.RELIGION IN GREEK AND ROMAN CIVILIZATIONGreeks and Roman are intellectual communities that believed in religion. Greeks believed that religion was important because it made their lives better. They believed in many gods and goddesses (polytheistic).They believed that gods would administer business of them twain when they were living and when they died. The Greeks believed that their gods and goddesses were very powerful that they controlled everything from the winner of a race to waves in th e ocean (Mahaffy, 2009). Each god or goddess had one or two specific roles they performed and controlled in life. The Greeks built well-favoured temples for their gods where they used to go pray, worship and offer sacrifices in form of animals. The Greeks prepared festivals in honor of the gods whereby they sacrificed animals as gifts to their gods. The Greeks made large festivals that included a feast with music, plays and dancing after which they paraded and made sacrifices. An example of a Greek goddess is Athena (goddess of wisdom and war). A temple known as Parthenon, built for the goddess stands to date.The Greeks believed that Mount Olympus was where all their gods and goddesses lived. Examples of some of the gods the Greeks worshipped and their specific roles include Zeus-supreme leader of the Gods, Hermes-messenger of the gods and Poseidon- god of the sea. Collins stated that one of the intellectual activities relating to religion is giving intellectual rituals (pg 28).Gr eeks showed their solidarity through religious ritual of animal sacrifices and festivities.The Romans later worshipped the same gods as Greeks but under different label (Guaitoli, 2006). The Greeks could not worship at the temple and but there were Blessed sites referred to as oracles. The Greeks believed their gods used signs in nature to answer their questions. They used their priests to ask their question and listen to the answers through signs.Romans just like Greeks believed in religion and attached great importance to it. on the nose like the Greeks, they were polytheistic, they believed that their gods were responsible for their creation and controlled their lives. Romans assort religion in to state religion and household religion (Spielvogel, 2008).Household religion involved worshipping the gods that protected the family and house. Roman houses contained a sacred bulge out regarded as communion table where every family prayed to the gods individually morning. Just li ke the Greeks, The Romans believed in gods and goddess that they believed controlled everything in life from killing for food to falling in love.Just like the Greeks, Romans honored their gods and goddesses by building grand temples. They also offered animal sacrifices to the gods and gave them gifts that they thought would please them. They believed that if the gods were happy with them, they would in return receive good luck but if they were angry with them, something would go wrong.Political institutions in Greek and Roman CivilizationCity-states divided Ancient Greece with capital of Greece as the largest city-state (Liberati Bourbon2002). City-states were many small areas sub-dividing the state. The mountainous ecology of Ancient Greece unconnected the city-states making it very difficult to travel from one city-state to another. Everyone believed that their city-state was better than the other was although they all worshipped the same gods and had similar traditions. Initiall y a few soused men tackled the city-states before a government system was introduced.Each city-state had its own government who ruled through democracy. The democratic government allowed people to rule and to vote for their leaders. Athens subdivided their people in to three classes the stop number class that consisted of male citizens innate(p) in Athens, middle class consisted of male citizens not born in Athens while the lower class consisted of slaves. Voting in ancient Greece took place in public assemblies and exactly males born in Athens voted. The upper class group discussed the laws that benefited ancient Greece but not the middle class or lower class.Ancient capital of Italy was an empire that had emperors as the leaders. Just like Greece, a government headed by an emperor ruled Rome. The power of the government in Rome was balanced between three branches the executive, the legislative and the judicial (Guaitoli, 2006).The executive branch consisted of two leaders (co nsuls), elected by the upper class to serve for one year. Their role was to order Roman army during wars and grapple the senate. Mayors, tax collectors, city police among other superior person in cities formed part of executive branch.The senate consisting 300 male citizens who owned the land formed the legislative branch. The men appointed by the consuls controlled the consuls by telling them how much to spend and on what activities. The judicial branch consisted of six judges that decided on the punishments the criminals would receive. The judges elections occurred after every two years (Guaitoli, 2006).In Rome only adults had permission to vote and just like the Greek system, males who owned the land could only do amendment or criticize law.Role of Men and women in Greek and Roman CivilizationMen, women and children had different roles and responsibilities in Greek and Roman culture. In Greek culture, men wore special clothes known as chitons. Chitons showed the man stipulation in the society specifically through the decoration. The men mostly worked as farmers or businesspersons during the day and demanded great respect while at home. Men were the ones in charge of the house and the family. Women and children in Greek culture did not eat in the same room as men. The slaves fed and entertained men during dinner as they lay on couches.Women on the other hand were not addicted much responsibility, they were not allowed to go to Olympics, visit the city or even eat or sleep in the same room as men. Their work was to run the household, have children and manage the slaves if they were wealthy and if not work the fields.In the Roman culture, men wore clothes known as togas. The patterns and color of a mans togas showed what his status was in the society. Men in Roman culture were the masters of the family and the house. They worked during the day and socialize with other men in the afternoon and evenings. Men in Roman culture had different roles depending on w hether you were risque or poor. The man main role was to provide for his family. Women on the other hand took care of the household and children. Women in Roman culture were not too restricted as some could hold jobs such as teaching.Comparing Religion and Political Institutions in Greece and RomeGreeks and Romans portrayed many similarities in their religion beliefs and rituals. Both cultures were polytheistic, believing in many gods and goddesses. Both cultures also believed that the gods and goddesses controlled everything in life from creation, their lives and everything that goes on. Greeks and Romans believed their goods were very powerful and that they gods took care of them both when they were living and when they died. Both Greeks and Romans believed in intellectual activity of religious rituals. Both cultures honored their gods and goddesses by offering animal sacrifices. Both Greeks and Romans built beautiful temples where they used to pray and offer sacrifices to their gods and goddesses. Both cultures believed that the gods answered their prayers through natures signs. Roman believed that gods would show a sign if they were happy and they were unhappy something bad would happen. Both cultures had many gods and goddesses with each god or goddess having a specific role to play or a specific place to control.Despite having so much similarity in the religion, Greeks and Romans also have some differences in their religious beliefs. Although both cultures believed in gods and goddesses, they had named them differently. Greeks believed that their gods and goddesses live on Mount Olives (Sansone, 2004) whereas Romans did not have a specific place where all their gods and goddesses lived. Greeks religion was not classified while Roman classified their religion as either state region or household religion. Greeks had set-up holy sites known as oracles where they used to pray in, while Roman has set places in their houses known as altars where they used to pray at as a family.Greeks and Roman civilizations were similar in the way their political institutions were made. They both believed in a government system of ruling. Both Greeks and Romans voted for their leader who was the head of the government. Both cultures regarded the upper class males citizens by birth as the only significant people in law making and amendment. In both cultures, women were not allowed to vote and only adults who had attained the legal age (18 years) could vote.The differences in political institutions included issues such as the Greeks believed in democracy while the Romans it depended on the political leaders chosen. The Roman government consisted of three branches, the executive, the legislature and the judiciary while the Greek government all people ruled. Greece had subdivision called city-states with each city-state having its own government while Rome there was only one government with three branches that rules the land.CONCLUSIONRoman and Greek civil ization form a part of ancient history of the world. They both greatly influenced the Western culture as some of the beliefs and culture followed today got inspiration from them. When we compare the two cultures to the Collins theories of intellectual activity, it is evident that the two cultures were rich in culture intelligence. They had deep respect in religion and rituals that brought them together socially (Collins, 2000 pg 28). The social problems the two cultures exhibit is division in to classes only males who are citizens by birth are allowed to vote. Women are not mentioned anywhere in any political decisions showing gender biasness. Just as most historians suggest, Greek culture highly influenced Roman culture. In terms of religion and political institutions, the two cultures can be classified as socially intelligent disdain of social division and gender inequality.

Reflecting on Needs in Nursing and Healthcare

Reflecting on Needs in Nursing and Health sustainmentThe aim of this essay is to critically reflect on peerless academic and one practical learning take up. This essay go out reflect in relation with my professional expandment as a health vexation practitioner base on the identified claims. Johns (1995) model of reflection allow be used as an aid to reflect on this assignment. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) PREP continuing professional study guidelines format impart be implemented during this writing. Confidentiality of the ward and longanimouss tuition pull up stakesing be maintained throughout this essay in line with the United Kingdom, Data Protection Act (1998) and NMC (2008) codes of conduct on confidentiality, therefore the diligent will be referred to as Mark a pseudonyms during description of the scenario.My identified clinical need based on information gathered from the setoff placement of my troika year has meliorate my communication structure dur ing endurings hand everywhere to all members of staff. Improving this need is signifi understructuret to me because, communication during patients handover backside be considered as a paramount aspect of nursing care. Dossey and Keegan (2013) supported this by expressing that effective communication must be enhanced in order for holistic intervention to take effect in nursing fare. I investigateed just about my clinical need for about twenty hours on different databases including government policies prior(prenominal) to writing this essay.On arrival to the ward I was asked by my mentor to hand over Mark a surgical patient to the harbor, health care assistant and an early(a) student nurse. During handover, I wanted to be outstanding and impress the health professionals as well as passing the vital information. However, this left me more than nervous which do me currentised how much I was struggling to articulate my sentence due to deprivation of structure. Odom-Forren (2 007) study analysed handover to be a real time process of passing essential patients information between care allowrs in order to ensure continuity and prophylactic of the patient. The plan of this article was outlined as the importance of using structure for standardizing patients hand over, this make me understand that I kick in not organism commensurate to communicate this during the handover of Mark due to lack of structure. Street et al (2011) research identified how application of structure standardised handover has displayed significant improvement during nurses handover. Structured handover makes the process more concise, objective and relevant (Griffen, 2010). Popovich (2011) research, Novak (2012) and Fenton (2006) study discussed how Implementations of a handover puppet assists in recognising changes in patients status more quickly. Structured handover allows the receiving nurse to ask question related to the patient status and promotes account might between shift s (Laws, 2010) therefore there is correlation in the research regarding structured handover.This motivated me into questioning myself in regards to why I had felt the way I did, and thought perhaps this could be due to insufficient amount of handing over and gathering essential information prior to handover which has not enabled me in developing confidence when handing over. Forren (2007) study sample size only focuses on perianasthesia setting handover which made this study relevant to me as my placement was in the theatre. The study could have been more applicable in future if the sample size was extensive to other clinical area as recommended by Russell and Gregory (2003) that articulated that studies with small samples may help to identify theoretically provocative ideas that merit further research. Lilleyman (2004) described handover as the most perilous procedures in patients care, a communication hotspot it was articulated that errors such as misinformation can jeopardise pat ients safety and get goingflow. I realised how limited my nursing intervention was when it comes to handing over and how I have not being able to adopt a authoritative approach during my communication with the nurses when handing over which can influence the property of care I deliver enchantment in like manner limiting my personal nursing development. This does not comply with the PREP has outlined in the NMC.Manser and Foster (2011) research recognized the significance of effective handover communication as it is critical to patients safety and fibre of care. This has empowered me in recognising that developing my limited structured communication and organising clear thought during handover has numerous amount of effect on patients safety during care. Meeting this essential need withal acquainted me with compliance to government policies such as NHS outcome 2013/14 that sets out the vision of the smock paper which encourages improvement in the care quality provided to pat ient such as reduced delayed care. The Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF 2013) which is also a reasoned requirement by the care quality commission that focuses on increasing patients standardised safety, experience and outcome.A qualitative research conducted by Benham-Hutchins and Effken (2010) identifies insufficient amount of communication during handover can endanger patients care by causing communication breakdown which can also belong to mistakes such as drug error. This research was conducted in an acute setting, the researchers conducted the research by asking staff to describe the mode used for handing over that one major drawback of this approach is the methodology of the research which appears to be ambiguous. The researchers failed to take into consideration whether the staff nurses will be totally honest in the method used during handover. As I have seen while out in practice that not all nurses follow the tools available for handover, a more set aside method wil l be to observe the nurses during patients handover. An example of communication breakdown can also be identified as report in the Francis inquiry (2009) where patients care was endangered. Understanding of this has enabled me in accepting how I was unk directlyingly limiting my patients care and the partake it has on my ability to perform to my full potential as a final year student nurse which can lead to delay patients care, poor quality, risk and mistakes.In also developing this practical need I will be able to provide an several(prenominal)ised handover based on patients need to all member of staffs rather than a broad overview of patients. NMC code of conduct (2008) expects nurses to treat patient as an individual and respect their dignity. Pertinent information will also be assimilated in order to provide continuity of care to my patient as ac friendshipd in Manias and Street, (2010) research. Development of this need will enable to me to provide adequate handover which sho ws my competency while also enabling me to be accountable for my actions in order to make informed decisions and provide seamless care as obligatory by the NMC code of conduct (2008). My communication skill during handover will also be improved as it shows my professional development which is a requirement for PREP. This is also authorised by the Joint Commission (2012) that emphasises that well organised communication is extremely aboriginal to patients safety as communication can be considered as one of the leading issues contributing to patients harm. Therefore they recommended in the national patient safety goals that effectiveness of communication should be improved among care givers. Organising my thoughts before handover will support me to work in accordance to the embracement of the 6Cs set of care, compassion, competence, communication, courage and commitment of the nursing practice.Reflecting on areas that I went wrong and the positive feedback received from my mentor ha s equipped me in feeling more confident while also promoting self-regulation of clinical reasoning and questioning prior to, after handover and also during any form of nursing intervention. Scott and Ely (2007) emphasised that, positive performance should also be considered in reflection. In eagerness to improve this need I started incorporating evidence based into my practice during handover through reading, making notes of the structure used by notice my mentor when she handed over. Situation, background, assessment, recommendation known as the (SBAR) was one of the tool I observed my mentor and other nurses using in practice. The application of this tool aided my handover process as the questions within the tool allowed me to focus on vital information and be concise. Using this tool also enabled me in disbursal less time on handover as the information needed for communication during handover was gathered before handover. This action facilitated clarity, effective and assertive ness in my communication which made the lying-in of handing over a lot more easily.Another tool that I used as a structure in providing effective handover is the circumscribed early warning scores (MEWS) pathway. This pathway allowed me to identifying when a patient starts to deteriorate. in order for a patients deterioration to be passed on during handover as it was recommended on the chart that a patient with a MEWS score of four or more can be transferred within department as long this is communicated with the receiving department. The Mews chart enabled me to stand as an advocate in ensuring the patients care handed over to the other staff will not be compromised as I was able to document the exact figure of observation on the chart for monitoring while also maintaining patients continuity of care and safety. NMC code of conduct (2008) expressed, nurses to act as an advocate for those in their care, helping them to access relevant health and social care, information and suppor t. Currie (2002) CUBAN was used to enhanced patients care during handover by adopting Confidentiality during handover, uninterrupted communication, brief and concise information, accurate and relevant need, and Name nurse would be me and my mentor as we were looking after the patientBased on the knowledge I have gained through research and in- shrewdness reading of this need, I now have more detailed understanding of the effect the gap in my knowledge had on how I was limiting my patients care as I was missing pieces of important information. Now I can confidently apply the handover tools to practice which shows evidence based. This has changed my practice to improve the care I give on daily basis as indorsed by PREP.My identified academic need is critical view. The learning activity of this need took place over the first semester of my final year. The learning activity took me a week to gather all my feedbacks together from my entire previously submitted essay. After reading throu gh my feedbacks in depth I realised how all my tutors have stated I need to apply critical thought to my essays. Research on this academic need took me xv hours of gathering literatures to enhance my knowledge of this need in order to be able to critically analyse the need in accordance to my development.I have decided to elaborate on my academic need of critical opinion because Girot (2000) identified that in order for nurses to be safe, compassionate, competent and skilled practitioners must develop an aptitude of critical thinking. This made me realised how crucial it is for me to develop critical thinking as a nurse as it will assist me in identifying and challenging assumptions in practice and when writing my essays. McGloin (2007) research made me understand how I have not being reading widely to empower my ability of being able to think critically through development of arguments which has influenced my written work and care given to patient therefore limiting my personal development (PREP). Greetham (2008) also discussed how most student underused critical thinking whereas it is the most pertinent skill needed to improve academic writing.In meeting my academic need I am expecting to get better understanding of my work prior to writing my essay. Cotrell (2008) suggested that having a clear thought through reading widely about that specific area before writing the essay enables student to gain adequate result. This shows that low marks in my essays are intrusioned by my lack of reading and lack of appropriate supply before writing my essays. The ability of not being able to source evidence based practice will also have an effect on my nursing care. Critical thinking will allow me as a student to prioritise my work elongate when writing essays and while also out in practice (Hutchfield and Standing, 2012). Prioritising work load also provides space to be able to review and edit work on different occasions (Davis et al, 2011). Having a critical think ing skill will influence my patient care as I would be able to apply the skill of reasoning and questioning into complex situation encountered in practice. The Department of health (2010) also encourages critical thinking as it is a lark that is needed to be an advanced professional practice which is also required.Whiffin and Hasselder (2013) Research paper discussed how critical thinking is one of the characteristics that should be possessed by registered practitioners who owes the trading of providing critical solutions to problems that are complex. Gopee (2002) discussed that health care practitioners and student nurses applies critical thinking skill in their day to day practice whether they undertake the degree take or diploma programme but finds it difficult to transfer it into writing. Chan (2013) discussed how all nursing students can be considered as critical thinkers due to relating theory of what is learnt in class into practice. Hicks (2001) suggested that critical th inking can be substantial through experience that involves undertaken complexity activity. Lauder and James (2001) study analysed that there are no significant differences for graduate and non-graduate student when it comes to critical thinking which nicely correlate with Gopee (2002). Understanding of this and having read through different research on what critical thinking is has enabled me to understand what the term critical thinking is. This made me recognise this is a skill I have been applying into my practice unknowingly which I have developed through series of placement but I have not being able to apply it thorough into my academic essay. For example in practice I was told by my mentor that we needed to trial without catheter (TWOC) a patient, this made me question why we were taken this action earlier than usual, whether it was documented by the Doctors, if the patient has been informed and what the after plans were. Reflecting back made me understand this action can be considered as being critical to maintain efficient care. However Girot (2000) research causes lack of consensus by articulating that graduate nursing students possessed greater care planning and decision making skills than non-graduate nursing students. Development of my need connect more with Gopee(2002), Lauder and James (2001) because not all nurses seen in practice undertook the degree program but they are still able to apply critical thinking into the daily nursing activities.Critical thinking will enable me to have the characteristics of a critical thinker while making me accountable for my actions and provide quality nursing care as recommended by Scheffer and Rubenfield (2000) that analysed critical thinkers in nursing exhibit habits of confidence, contextual perspective, flexibility, inquisitiveness, open mindedness and reflection. In realising this it made me understand development of this need has huge impact on my nursing profession as it essential for me to examine ever y underlying assumption. Critical thinking will result in me providing higher quality of care as I will be able to meet the need and concerns of my patient which is required by the care quality commission. In meeting this need I will be able to consider alternatives, preferences and question any uncertainty. Booth (2008) discussed practitioners must sought after the vanquish available tool to reach the best available decision when providing nursing intervention. In order to impact my patient with positive experience, maintain safety and deliver positive outcome I will need to apply my critical thinking skill by assessing the best practice for my patient through autonomously holistic care. Profetto-McGrath (2005) and Scheffer and Rubenfield (2000) discussed how critical thinking improves patients outcome through evidence based practice. Gadamer (2000) research discussed how critical thinking enable nurses to develop as an expert through knowledge and proficiency stage as this allows the nurse to move from being task orientated towards patient specific care and need. This academic need has been limiting my development because awareness of this has made me gathered how much I could have been task orientated in my essays and nursing intervention in order to get the task done rather than reading and seeking for ways to provide an expertise care and work. Chan (2013) study made me realise reading widely is encouraged as it assist student to develop more sophisticated form of reasoning which make complex problems a lot more easier to deal with.This need has a huge impact on my nursing development because appliance of critical thinking enables me to provide quality essay through informed research and also provide safe evidence based care through clinical judgement by finding and applying guidelines in practice (Young, 2004). Critical thinking will enhance my professional development by enabling me to seek out the truth by actively exploring a problem or situation. It will also facilitate me to provide adequate patient centred nursing assessment and intervention while also acting as an advocate for my patient. Development of critical thinking reflects my competency as this is one of the expectations of the NMC code of conduct (2008) and National Institute of health and care excellence (2010) laid emphasised are laid on the importance of critical thinking in nursing practice to perform higher care (Chang et al 2011). Development of this truth seeking need can also leave an impression on my colleagues to strive for the best practice available hence influencing the work environment positively which has a great impact on patients experience as covered in Chan (2013).Applying critical thinking into my essays has enabled me to be more analytical when using research as evidence to back up points in my writing. Critical thinking has assisted me in planning efficiently before conducting my academic work for example I had to utilise this skill when it cam e to selecting the best literature to critique and analyse my work prior to writing. Price and Harrington (2010) discussed one of the components of successful academic writing is thorough preparation and through planning. As critical thinking is an on-going skill I will continue applying it to my learning and practice by reading more. Critical thinking can be considered as a key ingredient to lifelong learning that characterizes personal growth and development through experience and practice (Banning, 2006).In completion development of these needs has influenced my knowledge and ability of being able to provide evidence based practice into my patients care. It has also impacted my academic work by enabling me to question the validity of research before applying it to my essay.

Application of Communication Theories

Application of Communication TheoriesChoose one conference surmise which you weigh will help organization and how it will help communication requirement? rejoinder In other words communication theories explains systematic digest ab fall out(predicate) the temper of the communication process, certainly, theories apprize do more than summarize.Amongst the various theories of communication, diffusion and agenda setting theory would help meet the communication requirements at the GDW. (Sligo,1997)Diffusion TheoryDiffusion Theory is related to human behavior, getting forward-looking ideas, how to implement them, step-by- step, this theory explains how one reaches an important decision.There are five dollar bill delivers within the diffusion process1. Awareness Individual is aware of it.2. Interest Wants to learn more.3. Evaluation Asks others for feedback.4. Trial Uses a sample, etc.5. Adoption Now a hirer/believer.Agenda Setting TheoryAgenda setting theory is more benefic ial for public relationship it works wonder to get the solicitude of the media, the public and policy affordrs. Some researchers says it is set of issues that can be used for multi-directional purpose.By applying the above two theories communication requirement can be complete at the government disability workshop. As these two theories would help interact easily with each other, understanding will improve, t hence maximum output can be gained.(Sligo,1997)Can you evaluate how effective was Ralf Ocker communication to the staff? (You need to analyze unspoilt and bad communication within the organization)AnswerRalf communication is not good. Email is not a good communication always. He always do communication with the staff by email. He can sit with the staff and give feedback their questions. He needs to listen his staff. He is a good listener and professional rather being emotional. Ralf dont care of others and fire people. He should keep face to face communication with the staff, because it is two way communications and resolve so many conflicts quickly.As far as the role of Mr. Ocker to reshape the GDW is concerned, he used the parallel theories models of good communication restructuring, as he announced cutting down of substantial funds also he closed the workshop for some time until a way could be effectuate to make them significant and profitable.In such manner he assesses the most significant semiprecious planned changes for the GDW.He observed the situation that workshop need changes,He arranged opposition with the staff from other department to think together about whole processesIn pasture to evaluate new ideas he listened to the planning of Mr. Fred, Mr. Mavis Ms. MaryIn adoption, he brought up a squad whose primary(prenominal) motive would be to bring changes in organization which was called Ability Plus(Locker,2003)In the conclusion, the Mr. Ralph Ocker communication planned changes brings a new era of business behavior to the GDW . His dodge is quite similar to Diffusion theory in which changes are adopted or rejected the all stages.(Locker,2003) i) advert four stages of perception process (theory)Answer scholarship is a process, by which we study the world around us, world that consist persons, objects and its experiences. Perception is unique to each person, two people cannot experience the world hardly the same at a time. Perception process occurs in four stages, namely-1. Stimulation When someone receive the information.2. Attention When someone pays attention and receive/ choose whole what he wants3. Organization How do someone organize other ideas what he listen or receive4. Evaluation Evaluate the information. Understanding of the partii) recognise and explain Ralf listening technique. Answer 1. Ralf Ocker is a experienced guy and stimulates information perfectly2. He paid full attention to the message. ( In this stage Ralph Ocker took two weeks in revisal to know and understand the organization and the staff)3. He organize the information (After knowing the way the organization behaved Ralph Ocker then organized how and what has to be done, he announced cutting down of substantial funding, then he closed the workshop for some time until a way could be found to make them actually turn into something significant and profitable, he also welcomed suggestion from the staff).4. He also evaluates the information perfectly. (In the this stage Ralph Ocker interpreted the changes he was about to bring. In this stage he added meaning to the points he had brought in front of the staff by sending a mail which had a detailed account of proposed changes).i) definition of Assertive Communication.Answer Assertive communication is the straight forward open expression of your needs, desire thoughts feelings it involves advocating for your own needs while still considering respecting the need of others.all(a) of us use assertive behavior at times, quite often when we feel vulnerable or un sure of ourselves we whitethorn resort to submissive, manipulative or aggressive behavior.Assertiveness is a useful communication tool. Its application is contextual and its not appropriate to be assertive in all situations. Remember, your sudden use of assertiveness may be perceived as an act of aggression by others.Theres also no guarantee of success, even when you use assertive communication styles appropriately.ii) Analyze GDW staff assertive response by using Four Fs-Facts, Feelings, Focus and Feedback.Answer Facts Remain neutral and dont attack talk about fact, virtue Do not blame anyone and speak the truth. Fred speak the truth.Many of GDW staffs were ex armed personnel who had very rigid structure who used autocratic concern style, machinery were out dated , GDW had a limited amount of contract cause of little funding were unable to compete with the commercial rivals.Focus on do Ocker planned a better and ample dodge, he made sure changes were strictly followed. Fred focalizationed on action.Feelings Some people from the staff were favoring the new focus system (accepted by Ocker Fred) and some of them was against, but in the mail sent by Ocker assailablely states that changes would go ahead as planned.Feedback Feedback refers to the process of exchanging information is order to make things clearer. There were many instances that took place in the GDW which explains how feedback process was done in GDW from the joining of Ocker to the decision he finally made in the end.i) Identify and evaluate the guideline for giving and receiving feedback. Answer Giving and receiving feedback should be Specific and objective, on timely, and honest.ii) What advice you give Rlaf Ocker regarding receiving and giving feedback. AnswerGiving and receiving feedback involves the interaction of both the parties, gum olibanum Ralph Ocker should make sure he not only explains his point but should also understand what the staff wants to say. He should also clarify them in order to avoid confusions. While giving or receiving feedback there can be statements which might sound nitpicky to one, Ralph Ocker should make sure he avoids such situation and should strike that the persons who pointed it out would did so as it was important to be mentioned.Make it a positive process and experience.Ralph Ocker should always remember that his main purpose was to reshape the GDWand hence his main focus should be to improve the condition of GDW and in order to do that he should make sure he shouldnt be harsh, critical or offensive.Be timely and regular and specificRalph Ocker should make sure that he does not take much time in receiving and giving the feedback i.e. he should make sure he keeps interacting with the staff of GDW on regular basis so that there is no point of confusion and maximum output can thus be generated.Have available all the necessary information Ralph Ocker should make sure he has all the required data, facts, information which would be needed in the process of interaction also he should make sure that all of them is well organized in order to avoid any confusion and for slowly reference.Be a good listener and ask for clarificationGiving and receiving feedback involves the interaction of both the parties, thus Ralph Ocker should make sure he not only explains his point but should also understand what the staff wants to say. He should also clarify them in order to avoid confusions.OR Giving1. Invite individual to self access2. Comment on position3. Focus on behavior not person4. Own the statement and dont wait5. Be clear and specific6. Discuss with staff and ask how they feel7. Try to give positive feedback8. Use I9. Immediate feedback is more reliable, So give feedback as soon as possibleReceiving1. Self access your ideas and work in the beginning hand2. He shall check if he has understood the specific of feedback where more focus required3. Take negative feedback too, it is useful4. Prepare specific question th at you want on other person to provide feedback onRegarding conflict negotiation-i) Identify two causes of conflict at GDW.Answer Conflict is an integral part of Human being, it is said that until, you have people dealing with people, making decisions or meeting deadlines you will Have Conflict. Mass causes of conflict in organization are poorly defined Goal, Divergent personal Values, lack of co-operation, unclear roles, communication failure, constitution conflict etc. The two causes of conflict at the GDW are as follows-1. Restructuring2. Difference of Opinion In organization many people work so opinion might be different. 3. Lack of Formal Communication It refers to the condition of GDW which lacked formal conversation as the earlier staff was rigid in nature and they followed an autocratic management style. When people dont interact in an organization of formal topics chances of conflicts rises to a higher point.4. Poorly Defined Goals Before the arrival of Ralph Ocker the GDW lacked planning strategy and had undefined goals due to lack of communication between the staff members. When such huge things are ignored chances of conflict rises to a large extentii) In your opinion what conflict management style or technique Ralf should have used at GDW.Answer Conflict management is the practice of Identifying handling a conflict in sensible fair efficient manner.Ralph Ocker should have used/considered the following to prevent conflicts1. Frequent meeting with the staff members2. He should have allowed the team to express openly 3. He should sharing objectives completely and correctly4. He should give a clear detailed Job description5. Ocker should distribute task fairly 6. He should never criticize any of the staff members publicly7. He should always be fair and should do justice with everyoneStyleCollaboration This is where Ocker will straddle up with the other stuff to achieve both of their goals.Competition This is win-lose approach. Ocker should act in a very assertive way to achieve his goal.q7.i) Discuss the cite principles for restructuring communication.AnswerRestructuring is one of the biggest decisions your organization can make and you will find it much harder to undo damage done by a poorly managed restructure than it is to ensure that the restructure is a success in the first place. Its likely that your managers and HR staff will not have undergone a restructure before and therefore lack of the knowledge and experience of conducting one. If they have, then their previous experience may have been focused on improving their own individual circumstances. They may have limited knowledge as to how things could or should have been done better at an organizational level.I would like to suggest the following new principles/guidelines for the management-Bring a flat structure of management into pictureEnable decision-making informed by strong cross-system consultation, listening and respectPromote close productive working relat ionships within the Ability Plus Retain a learningorganization philosophy of continuous staff development, engagement and teamworkOutsource, eliminate, or transfer non-essential services, nosepiece the communication gap between the staff members in the ability plus Adopt a crossfunctional team approach to problem workReduce complexityFocus on core activityMaintain flexibilityUse role model in leadership development, etc.ii) How do you restructure communication?Answer 1. Face to Face Communication2. Accountability of Communication3. Communication with Truth4. Communicate the Vision5. enumerateening to the employee6. Senior director should be visible and accessible to the employee7. Communicate timelyi) Business Report GuidelineAnswer Report coverExecutive SummaryTable of contents1 Terms of Reference2 Procedure3 Findings / Analysis3.1 Profitability Development Process of Metalwork Department3.2 Making Profit out of Metalwork Department4. Conclusions5. Recommendations-Referencing-A ppendixii) Do you think presentation is good idea or not after report?Answer Presentation is good idea because face to face communication is possible through it not by report.iii) Why each person is different perception of Andrews performance?Answer Because each people have different perception about others.Ray Selective Attention. Ray heard that Andrew is doing well. because he is qualified and bright. this is called selective attention. First dousing last long.Tim Perceptual Accentuation He said Andrew is too slow to learn the job, because he saw Andrew daytime to day activities and fix Andrew mistakes.Kate Differences in perceptual ability Kate said that he is not a good member of team and slow.Sione Consistency Effect Andrew is a Rugby Player, So he likes Andrew and think he must be a good team player.Andrew Self-serving attribution bios He think he is doing well and it is called self serving attribution.iv) List the four elements that define culture. What are the strategies y ou can use that can help communication between culture?Answer Time2. Context Context is shell defined as the array of stimuli surrounding a communication event including body gestures tone of voice physical distance between interlocutors time of day weather situation (for example, during a war commemoration ceremony) societal norms geographic place of communication and other external factors.3. Memory/ Understanding4. Space/ keep

Free Awakening Essays: The Pigeon House :: Chopin Awakening Essays

The Pigeon House in The Awakening   In a little four-room shack almost the corner. It looks so cozy, so inviting and restful.(79) With this description Chopin introduces the reader to Ednas new residence, which is affectionately known as the pigeon house. The pigeon house appends Edna with the comfort and security that her old house lacked. The tranquillity that the pigeon house grants to Edna allows her to experience a freedom that she has never felt before. The eldest taste of this newfound freedom is the satisfaction that Edna feels in being able to provide for herself with her own money. The fact that she no longer has to rely on her husbands money breaks the last tie that she had with him I know I shall want it, like the feeling of freedom and independence.(80) In her mind now, her marriage is dead, and Mr. Pontellier has no control over her. Financial freedom is not the only thing the pigeon house gives to Edna it also allows her both physical and spiritual fre edom. When Edna kisses Arobin in her husbands house, she feels reproach looking at her from the external things around her which he had provided for her external existence.(84) Yet, her first night at the pigeon house she spends with Arobin, and this time feels no reproach or regret. As for the spiritual ramifications provided by her new home, Chopin writes, There was a feeling of come down in the social scale, with the corresponding sense of having risen in the spiritual.., she began to look with her own eyes... no longer was she content to feed upon opinion.(94) The pigeon house provides a delegacy for Edna to escape from the society that she hates. She has the freedom to make the decisions in her life now and she decides that she is going to live life by her own rules, not the rules that society has rigid out for her. When she is within her home, she is free from the pressures of being the mother women which society forces her to be. The pigeon house nourishes this newfound fr eedom, allowing it to grow and gain strength. Without the environment provided by the pigeon house, it is doubtful as to whether Edna would brace ever awakened from the stupefied state that society was forcing her to live in.

Economic Consequences of Software Crime Essay -- Economics Piracy Econ

Economic Consequences of bundle CrimeIn 1996 worldwide illegal shaming of domestic and international software package cost $15.2 billion to the software industry, with a loss of $5.1 billion in the North America alone. Some sources put the total up-to-date losses, due to software crime, as high as $4.7 trillion. On the next page is a regional breakdown of software piracy losses for 1994. Estimates show that over 40 percent of North American software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industrys piracy losses occurred outside of North America. The Software Publishers Association (SPA) indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the North America was obtained illegally. In fact, 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a potentiometer or business to pur chase a single set of original software and then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs to their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution and licensing. Information can qualify to be airplane propeller in two ways patent law and copyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, which are subject to Constitutional authority. In order for the government to move the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first rely on other theories of information-as-property. Trade secret laws are created by provincial law, and closely jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of a trade-secret carriers rights. The definition of a trade secret varies some what from province to province, but commonly have the like elements. For example, the information must be secret, not of public knowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business. A court go away allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently if the holder takes adequate precautions to protect the secret. In 1964, the National Copyright Office began... ...hared by anybody that is involved with any aspect of the software industry. As the future of approaches, more and more people are gaining experience with technology. That experience doesnt come without a price. That price is the power to manipulate technology for personal gain which usually results in a detriment typically financialto others. Bibliography Brandel, William, Licensing stymies users, URLhttp//www.viman.com/license/license.htmlpolicy, Viman Software, Inc., 1994. communication channel Software Alliance, Software Piracy and the Law, URLhttp//www.bsa.org/b sa/docs/soft_pl.html, Business Software Alliance, 1995. Software Publishers Association, SPA Anti-Piracy Backgrounder, URLhttp//www.spa.org/piracy/pi_back.htm, Software Publishers Association, 1995. Business Software Alliance, Did You Know?, URLhttp//www.bsa.org/cgi-bin-bsa.org/seconds.cgi?, Business Software Alliance, 1997. The Economist, Slipping A Disk, URL http//www.economist.com/issue/27-07-96/wbsfl.gif, The Economist, 1994. Business Software Alliance, Software Piracy, URL http//www.bsa.org/privacy/privacy.html, Business Software Alliance, 1997.

Its Time for Open Adoption Essay examples -- Argumentative Persuasive

Its Time for on the fence(p) Adoption Based on statistics gathered by the United States Department of Health and Human work Childrens Bureau, approximately 46,000 children found homes through the foster care system last year alone (Cumpston, 8b). It is hard to imagine that there is this unbelievable number of children involveive in just one year, and the process is still different for every family who goes through it. Only after much research, can one conclude that musical composition handling an adoption, a process known as rude adoption is the most beneficial for everyone alike. There are essentially two ways to adopt a child one technique, known as an open adoption and one known as closed. Throughout the first quarter of the century, the latter of the two methods, also known as confidential adoption, was mainly used (Melina). This was an attempt to protect the birth mothers, as well as the child, from ruthless feelings toward them by the public. During the supposit ion years of adoption, many people were not aware of how adoptions worked or why they were taking place, so they automatically assumed the worst of the situation and the people voluminous in it (Roszia). However, over the years, the societys comprehension of adoptions in general has changed from oblivious to increasingly aware about how the process works, therefore resulting in the acknowledgment and acceptance of open adoption. In an open adoption, the birth parents and the adoptive parents have continued interaction throughout the extent of the childs life. Open adoptions present the opportunity to take a potentially hazardous situation and turn it into a loving environment for the child. According to Sharon Kaplan Roszia, in her article title... ...ography Baran, Annette & Pannor, Reuben. An Open Adoption Policy is Best. Opposing Viewpoints Adoption. Harnack, Andrew, ed., Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, CA., Pp. 228-237. Byrd, Dean. A wet Adoption Policy is Best. Oppo sing Viewpoints Adoption. Harnack, Andrew, ed., Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, CA., Pp. 238-245. Cumpston, Lori. Room for One More. The Daily Sentinel. November 23, 2000. Pp.8b Melina, Lois. A Look at Open Adoption for Prospective Adopters. Online, Available http//www.raisingadoptedchildren.com/library/articles/open.html, Dec. 7, 2000. Open Adoption. National Adoption Information Clearinghouse. Online, Available http//www.calib.com/naaic/pubs/s_open.htm, Roszia, Sharon. From The Open Adoption Experience. Online, Available http//www.adopting.org/silveroze/html/open_adoption.html, 1997.

Rethinking the American Dream in Coney Island of the Mind, Why Wallace?, and Goodbye, Columbus :: Coney Wallace Columbus

Rethinking the American Dream in C whizzy Island of the Mind, Why Wallace?, and Goodbye, Columbus Webster defines a dream as something notable for its beauty, excellence, or enjoyable quality. This seems, logically, something that everyone desires to obtain. However not everyone is the same therefore each dream is not the same. According to certain works of literature regarding the 1950s-60s though, it appears as if many slew are quite disillusioned and believe their dream is the one and only dream suitable for everyone. This American Dream consists of a handsome job, nice spouse, nice house, nice kids, nice car and all the money, money, money you can get your hands on. Anyone who desires differently is unacceptable. But what happens when people finally start to realize, heaven forbid, that this one dream isnt a dream at all and is not the ultimate source of happiness? A rebellion against this materialistic society takes place. Lawrence Ferlinghetti, in his verse A Coney Islan d of the Mind, illustrates this dissatisfaction with American society ...on a concrete continent spaced with bland billboards illustrating imbecile illusions of happiness The scene shows fewer tumbrils but much maimed citizens in painted cars and they have strange license plates and engines that go through America (Ferlinghetti,131). America is supposed to be the great capitalistic society, but Ferlinghetti sees otherwise. Billboards feature of speech material assets in a style showing its necessity for human happiness. By calling this happiness the billboards represent an illusion, Ferlinghetti is speaking out against materialism. This materialism has simply also horribly disfigured America and its citizens. The citizens believe that the more material possessions one has the happier they will be. Ferlinghetti says these material possessions such as cars and fancy license plates devour them instead and are possibly dictating their life. Addressing this issue of a materialist ic society is a common theme among many of the writers during the 1950s and 1960s. In their writings Phillip Roth and Michael Novak both fork over a family of this society. The parents of these writings have an ideal lifestyle and a standard for their children, which gives the children every reason to want to rebel. They want to break away from the thoughts and standards of their parents and society. In Roths novel, Goodbye, Columbus, the temperament Mrs. Patimkin is much like the Andy Restek of Novaks Why